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“Dr Cassidy draws pertinent general conclusions about generating policy and mediating the role of the expert in today’s science-sceptic and increasingly polarised society... It is both a useful and original contribution, specifically to the history of zoonotic disease policy, and policy history more generally.” —Helen Bynum, Author of Spitting Blood: The History of Tuberculosis (2012) This open access book provides the first critical history of the controversy over whether to cull wild badgers to control the spread of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in British cattle. This question has plagued several professional generations of politicians, policymakers, experts and campaigners since the early 1970s. Questions of what is known, who knows, who cares, who to trust and what to do about this complex problem have been the source of scientific, policy, and increasingly vociferous public debate ever since. This book integrates contemporary history, science and technology studies, human-animal relations, and policy research to conduct a cross-cutting analysis. It explores the worldviews of those involved with animal health, disease ecology and badger protection between the 1970s and 1990s, before reintegrating them to investigate the recent public polarisation of the controversy. Finally it asks how we might move beyond the current impasse.

Great Britain-History. --- Medicine. --- Animal welfare. --- Environmental policy. --- History, Modern. --- Medical geography. --- History of Britain and Ireland. --- History of Medicine. --- Animal Welfare/Animal Ethics. --- Environmental Policy. --- Modern History. --- Medical Geography. --- Diseases --- Geographical distribution of diseases --- Geographical pathology --- Geography, Medical --- Geomedicine --- Medical topography --- Pathology, Geographic --- Topography, Medical --- Geography --- Medical climatology --- World health --- Modern history --- World history, Modern --- World history --- Environment and state --- Environmental control --- Environmental management --- Environmental protection --- Environmental quality --- State and environment --- Environmental auditing --- Abuse of animals --- Animal cruelty --- Animals --- Animals, Cruelty to --- Animals, Protection of --- Animals, Treatment of --- Cruelty to animals --- Humane treatment of animals --- Kindness to animals --- Mistreatment of animals --- Neglect of animals --- Prevention of cruelty to animals --- Protection of animals --- Treatment of animals --- Welfare, Animal --- Health Workforce --- Geographical distribution --- Government policy --- Abuse of --- Social aspects --- Great Britain --- History. --- England --- History --- Great Britain—History. --- Medicine—History. --- Badgers --- Tuberculosis in cattle --- Control --- Prevention. --- Bovine tuberculosis --- Cattle --- Melinae --- Mustelidae --- Infections --- Great Britain—History --- Medicine—History --- Animal welfare --- Environmental policy --- History, Modern --- Medical geography

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This chapter discusses the recent emergence of advocacy for 'One Health' (OH): the idea that greater interdisciplinarity across the domains of human and animal health research, clinical practice and policy is essential for addressing contemporary problems such as zoonotic disease, food safety, cancer and drug development. Over the past decade, the language of OH has been taken up by increasingly prominent actors in global health and biomedicine, including funders, international agencies and pharmaceutical companies; however, there has been a long history of veterinary led advocacy for similar ideas since the late 19th century. This longer history raises an immediate question: given that ideas of collaboration and convergence between human and veterinary medicine have been being advanced for such a long time, why has OH come to the fore at this particular point in time? This chapter analyses the emergence and growth of OH, following the key actors, events, disciplines, and agendas that have contributed to its increasing popularity, while tracing its origins in the histories of animal health, global development, and infectious disease. Using bibliometrics of key OH terms in academic journals, alongside qualitative analysis of academic, policy, and online documents, this chapter shows that while OH has been adopted by institutions across human and animal health, it is predominantly used by scientists publishing in veterinary science journals. This raises questions about the extent to which OH is interdisciplinary, to which actors and in which contexts: to what extent is it a 'top-down' or 'bottom-up; version of interdisciplinarity? The implications of these findings in the broader context of agenda-building across the life and environmental sciences of the early 21st century are then discussed.

Communicable diseases. --- Communicable diseases --- Prevention.

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This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book breaks new ground by situating animals and their diseases at the very heart of modern medicine. In demonstrating their historical significance as subjects and shapers of medicine, it offers important insights into past animal lives, and reveals that what we think of as ‘human’ medicine was in fact deeply zoological. Each chapter analyses an important episode in which animals changed and were changed by medicine. Ranging across the animal inhabitants of Britain’s zoos, sick sheep on Scottish farms, unproductive livestock in developing countries, and the tapeworms of California and Beirut, they illuminate the multi-species dimensions of modern medicine and its rich historical connections with biology, zoology, agriculture and veterinary medicine. The modern movement for One Health – whose history is also analyzed – is therefore revealed as just the latest attempt to improve health by working across species and disciplines. This book will appeal to historians of animals, science and medicine, to those involved in the promotion and practice of One Health today.

History. --- History, Modern. --- Social history. --- Medicine --- History of Science. --- History of Medicine. --- Modern History. --- Animal Welfare/Animal Ethics. --- Social History. --- Descriptive sociology --- Social conditions --- Social history --- Modern history --- World history, Modern --- Annals --- History --- Sociology --- World history --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Medicine. --- Animal welfare. --- Abuse of animals --- Animal cruelty --- Animals --- Animals, Cruelty to --- Animals, Protection of --- Animals, Treatment of --- Cruelty to animals --- Humane treatment of animals --- Kindness to animals --- Mistreatment of animals --- Neglect of animals --- Prevention of cruelty to animals --- Protection of animals --- Treatment of animals --- Welfare, Animal --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Abuse of --- Social aspects --- Health Workforce --- Medicine—History. --- History of Science --- History of Medicine --- Modern History --- Animal Welfare/Animal Ethics --- Social History --- Animal Ethics --- Human health --- Medical research --- Biomedicine --- Animal testing --- Drug development --- One Health --- Public Health --- Zoological gardens --- Diseased Sheep --- Tuberculosis --- rickets --- inter-war medicine --- Calvin W. Schwabe --- Echinococcus tapeworm --- Healthy Cows --- Parasitological Pursuit --- Open Access --- Veterinary medicine --- Bioethics --- Social & cultural history --- Diseases --- Animal models. --- Animal disease models --- Disease models, Animal --- Animal models in research --- Medicine, Comparative --- Medicine, Experimental --- Pathology, Comparative --- Pathology, Experimental --- Animal kingdom --- Beasts --- Fauna --- Native animals --- Native fauna --- Wild animals --- Wildlife --- Organisms --- Human-animal relationships --- Zoology

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Human-animal relationships. --- Wildlife conservation. --- Wildlife depredation. --- Wildlife management.

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