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This is a comprehensive report on every armed conflict which took place during 2012. It is the first of a new series of annual reports on armed conflicts across the globe, offering an unprecedented overview of the nature, range, and impact of these conflicts and the legal issues they create. In Part I, the report describes its criteria for the identification and classification of armed conflicts under international law, and the legal consequences that flow from this classification. It sets out a list of armed conflicts in 2012, categorizing each as international (including cases of foreign military occupation) or non-international in character, with estimates of civilian and military casualties. In Part II, each of these conflicts is examined in more detail, with an overview of the belligerents, means and methods of warfare, the applicable treaties and rules, and any prosecutions for, investigations into, or robust allegations of war crimes. Part III of the report provides a detailed thematic analysis of key legal developments which arose in the context of these conflicts, allowing for a more in-depth reflection on cross-cutting questions and controversies. The topics under investigation in the report include drone strikes, the use of explosive weapons, small arms, forced displacement of civilians, detention at Guantanamo Bay, and the enforcement of international humanitarian and criminal law in both national and international courts.

850 Vrede- en conflictstudies --- 851 Burgeroorlogen --- 852 Internationale conflicten

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This Commentary offers detailed background and analysis of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, which was adopted at the UN Headquarters in New York in July 2017. The Treaty comprehensively prohibits the use, development, export, and possession of nuclear weapons. The treaty is examined article by article, with discussed of how each provision was negotiated and what it implies for states that join the Treaty. As the Treaty provisions cut across various branches of international law, the Commentary goes beyond a discussion of disarmament to consider the law of armed conflict, human rights, and the law on inter-state use of force. It examines the relationship with other treaties addressing nuclear weapons, in particular the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). Background on the development and possession of nuclear weapons and theories of nuclear deterrence is also provided.

Nuclear disarmament --- Nuclear nonproliferation --- Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons --- Export of nuclear materials --- Export of nuclear technology --- International control of nuclear energy --- Nonproliferation, Nuclear --- Nuclear energy --- Nuclear exports --- Nuclear proliferation --- Proliferation, Nuclear --- Nuclear arms control --- Nuclear-weapon-free zones --- Atomic bomb and disarmament --- Atomic weapons and disarmament --- Disarmament, Nuclear --- Nuclear weapons disarmament --- Disarmament --- Antinuclear movement --- Nuclear weapons --- International control --- Nuclear disarmament. --- Nuclear nonproliferation. --- Désarmement nucléaire --- Non-prolifération nucléaire --- Treaties --- Traités --- TPNW (Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons --- Nuclear Weapons Ban Treaty --- Treaties.

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International human rights law offers an overarching international legal framework to help determine the legality of the use of any weapon, as well as its lawful supply. It governs acts of States and non-State actors alike. In doing so, human rights law embraces international humanitarian law regulation of the use of weapons in armed conflict and disarmament law, as well as international criminal justice standards. In situations of law enforcement (such as counterpiracy, prisons, ordinary policing, riot control, and many peace operations), human rights law is the primary legal frame of reference above domestic criminal law. This important and timely book draws on all aspects of international weapons law and proposes a new view on international law governing weapons. Also included is a specific discussion on armed drones and cyberattacks, two highly topical issues in international law and international relations.

Military weapons (International law) --- Law enforcement. --- Firearms --- International law and human rights. --- International law --- Human rights and international law --- Human rights --- Firearms control --- Gun control --- Right to bear arms --- Right to keep arms --- Safety regulations --- Enforcement of law --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Law and legislation. --- Laws and regulations --- Law and legislation --- Policing

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Arms control and disarmament are key elements in promoting international peace and security. In recent decades the scope of disarmament law has broadened from a traditional focus on weapons of mass destruction to encompass conventional weapons. Stuart Casey-Maslen provides a concise and objective appraisal of international arms control and disarmament law. In seven concise chapters, he traces the history of arms control and disarmament in the modern era, addressing the issues surrounding biological and chemical weapons, the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, and conventional weapon and arms transfer regimes. He concludes by considering how, in order to remain relevant, disarmament and arms control will need to adapt to rapidly evolving technologies that defy traditional means of verification and control.

Arms control. --- Disarmament. --- International law.

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Arms control. --- Land mines (International law). --- Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction