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Daniel Carey examines afresh the fundamental debate within the Enlightenment about human diversity. Three central figures - Locke, Shaftesbury, and Hutcheson - questioned whether human nature was fragmented by diverse and incommensurable customs and beliefs or unified by shared moral and religious principles. Locke's critique of innate ideas initiated the argument, claiming that no consensus existed in the world about morality or God's existence. Testimony of human difference established this point. His position was disputed by the third Earl of Shaftesbury who reinstated a Stoic account of mankind as inspired by common ethical convictions and an impulse toward the divine. Hutcheson attempted a difficult synthesis of these two opposing figures, respecting Locke's critique while articulating a moral sense that structured human nature. Daniel Carey concludes with an investigation of the relationship between these arguments and contemporary theories, and shows that current conflicting positions reflect long-standing differences that first emerged during the Enlightenment.

General ethics --- Locke, John --- Hutcheson, Francis --- Shaftesbury, of, Anthony A.C. --- Benefices [Ecclesiastical] --- Beneficies [Kerkelijke ] --- Bénéfices ecclésiastiques --- Church benefices --- Enlightenment --- Graces [Expectative] --- Lumières (Philosophie) --- Lumières [Siècle des ] --- Pluralism (Benefices) --- Siècle des Lumières --- Verlichting (Filosofie) --- Enlightenment. --- Pluralism. --- Locke, John, --- Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, --- Hutcheson, Francis, --- Pluralism --- Monadology --- Monism --- Philosophy --- Reality --- Aufklärung --- Eighteenth century --- Philosophy, Modern --- Rationalism --- Anthony, --- Cooper, Anthony Ashley, --- Shaftsbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, --- Sheftsberi, Ėntoni Ėshli Kuper, --- Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper --- Philanthropus, --- Lokk, Dzhon, --- Lūk, Jūn, --- Lo-kʻo, --- Locke, Giovanni, --- Lock, --- Lock, John, --- Rokku, Jon, --- לוק, י׳ון, --- Arts and Humanities --- History

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Europeans --- Travelers' writings, European --- European travelers' writings --- European literature --- Ethnology --- Travel&delete& --- History --- Asia --- Europe --- Asian and Pacific Council countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Description and travel. --- Relations --- Description and travel --- Travel

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History of Europe --- International finance --- anno 1700-1799 --- Monetary policy --- Economics --- Politique monétaire --- Economie politique --- History --- Histoire --- Europe --- Economic conditions --- Conditions économiques --- Politique monétaire --- Conditions économiques

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Leading scholars bring together eighteenth-century studies and postcolonial theory to analyze the role and reputation of Enlightenment in the context of early European colonial ambitions and postcolonial interrogations of Western imperial projects and aspirations. - ;Over the last thirty years, postcolonial critiques of European imperial practices have transformed our understanding of colonial ideology, resistance, and cultural contact. The Enlightenment has played a complex but often unacknowledged role in this discussion, alternately reviled and venerated as the harbinger of colonial dominio

Postcolonialism. --- Enlightenment. --- Imperialism in literature. --- Colonies in literature. --- Aufklärung --- Eighteenth century --- Philosophy, Modern --- Rationalism --- Post-colonialism --- Postcolonial theory --- Political science --- Decolonization --- World history --- anno 1700-1799

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Cats --- Dogs --- Diseases --- Nutritional aspects. --- Food. --- Nutrition.