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On April 6, 1922, in Paris, Albert Einstein and Henri Bergson publicly debated the nature of time. Einstein considered Bergson’s theory of time to be a soft, psychological notion, irreconcilable with the quantitative realities of physics. Bergson, who gained fame as a philosopher by arguing that time should not be understood exclusively through the lens of science, criticized Einstein’s theory of time for being a metaphysics grafted on to science, one that ignored the intuitive aspects of time. The Physicist and the Philosopher tells the remarkable story of how this explosive debate transformed our understanding of time and drove a rift between science and the humanities that persists today. Jimena Canales introduces readers to the revolutionary ideas of Einstein and Bergson, describes how they dramatically collided in Paris, and traces how this clash of worldviews reverberated across the twentieth century. She shows how it provoked responses from figures such as Bertrand Russell and Martin Heidegger, and carried repercussions for American pragmatism, logical positivism, phenomenology, and quantum mechanics. Canales explains how the new technologies of the period—such as wristwatches, radio, and film—helped to shape people’s conceptions of time and further polarized the public debate. She also discusses how Bergson and Einstein, toward the end of their lives, each reflected on his rival’s legacy—Bergson during the Nazi occupation of Paris and Einstein in the context of the first hydrogen bomb explosion. The Physicist and the Philosopher reveals how scientific truth was placed on trial in a divided century marked by a new sense of time.
Time perception --- Relativity (Physics) --- Philosophy --- Einstein, Albert, --- Bergson, Henri, --- Time perception - Philosophy --- Einstein, Albert, - 1879-1955 --- Bergson, Henri, - 1859-1941 --- History of philosophy --- Astrophysics --- Time --- Physicists --- Philosophers --- Relativité (physique) --- Temps (philosophie) --- Physiciens --- Philosophes --- Einstein, Albert --- Bergson, Henri --- Philosophy.
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On April 6, 1922, in Paris, Albert Einstein and Henri Bergson publicly debated the nature of time. Einstein considered Bergson's theory of time to be a soft, psychological notion, irreconcilable with the quantitative realities of physics. Bergson, who gained fame as a philosopher by arguing that time should not be understood exclusively through the lens of science, criticized Einstein's theory of time for being a metaphysics grafted on to science, one that ignored the intuitive aspects of time. The Physicist and the Philosopher tells the remarkable story of how this explosive debate transformed our understanding of time and drove a rift between science and the humanities that persists today.Jimena Canales introduces readers to the revolutionary ideas of Einstein and Bergson, describes how they dramatically collided in Paris, and traces how this clash of worldviews reverberated across the twentieth century. She shows how it provoked responses from figures such as Bertrand Russell and Martin Heidegger, and carried repercussions for American pragmatism, logical positivism, phenomenology, and quantum mechanics. Canales explains how the new technologies of the period-such as wristwatches, radio, and film-helped to shape people's conceptions of time and further polarized the public debate. She also discusses how Bergson and Einstein, toward the end of their lives, each reflected on his rival's legacy-Bergson during the Nazi occupation of Paris and Einstein in the context of the first hydrogen bomb explosion.The Physicist and the Philosopher is a magisterial and revealing account that shows how scientific truth was placed on trial in a divided century marked by a new sense of time.
Time --- Relativity (Physics) --- Physicists --- Philosophers --- Gravitation --- Nonrelativistic quantum mechanics --- Space and time --- Philosophy. --- Einstein, Albert, --- Bergson, Henri, --- Einstein, Albert --- Aiyinsitan, Abote, --- Aĭnshtaĭn, Albert, --- Ainshutain, A, --- Ain̲sṭain̲, Ālparṭ, --- Ainsṭāina, Albarṭa, --- Ajnštajn, Albert, --- Āynishtayn, --- Aynshtayn, Albert, --- Eĭnshteĭn, Alʹbert, --- אינשטין, אלברט, --- איינשטיין --- איינשטיין, אלבערט, --- איינשטיין, אלברט --- איינשטיין, אלברט, --- Aynştayn, Elbêrt, --- Īnshtīn, --- Aynîştayn, --- Aiyinsitan, --- 愛因斯坦, --- 爱因斯坦, --- Bergson, Henri --- Bergson, Henri Louis, --- Bergson, Anri, --- Bergson, Enrico, --- Berŭgŭsong, --- Berxon, --- Bergson, Henry, --- Bergson, Henryk, --- Berŭgŭsong, Angri, --- Bergson, Enrique, --- Bergson, H. --- Bogesen, Hengli, --- בערגסאן, אנרי --- בערגסאן, אנרי, --- ברגדון, אנרי, --- ברגסון, הנרי --- ברגסון, הנרי,
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Time measurements. --- Time --- Philosophy.
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Thought experiments have long been a vital part of the creative, intellectual process in modern science-and, by extension, so have "demons." Demons are hypothetical beings imagined by scientists to perform specific roles within thought experiments-embodying special powers or abilities and personifying tough intellectual challenges or highlighting apparent paradoxes. They are used as a way of exploring what would happen if one fiddled with or upset the sturdiest of physical laws, or experimented with physical or natural processes or phenomena in ways that the scientist imagining them otherwise could not. As such, they help clarify the limits of what is possible in the physical world, or show weaknesses in our understanding of an observable phenomenon, or highlight cracks in a hypothesis or theory. Unencumbered by the physicality of our concrete world, demons are thus useful to scientists in their intellectual quest to understand how nature works, and in the creative exploration of the frontiers of science.
Creative ability in science --- Imagination. --- Demonology. --- Créativité en sciences --- Démonologie. --- History. --- Histoire.
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En 1914, Albert Einstein avait été invité à donner les conférences Michonis au Collège de France, organisées à partir de 1905 grâce au mécène Georges Michonis, pour y accueillir des savants étrangers. L’entrée en guerre l’empêcha de venir à Paris. Sous l’impulsion de Paul Langevin, professeur de Physique générale et expérimentale (1909-1946), l’invitation fut renouvelée en février 1922, peu après les tests de la théorie de la relativité générale effectués par l’astronome Sir Arthur Eddington en 1919, qui contribuèrent à la renommée mondiale d’Einstein. Le Collège se singularisera encore par la suite dans la réception des idées d’Einstein, en créant, en 1933, une chaire pour le physicien, qui avait fui l’Allemagne. Ayant déjà accepté un poste à l’Institut des études avancées de Princeton nouvellement créé (1930), Einstein n’occupera jamais cette chaire. Avec pour fil conducteur la visite d’Einstein au Collège, ce 3e volume de la collection s’intéresse à l’impact des idées d’Einstein sur la physique française et, plus largement, dans la formation des savoirs et des arts (des années 1910 jusqu’à la Seconde Guerre mondiale) en France et au-delà. Contrairement à Freud et à Darwin, dont l’accueil au Collège a été difficile, accueil qui a fait l’objet de deux volumes précédents de la collection, la théorie de la relativité d’Einstein y a très tôt été présentée par Langevin, qui en a fait le sujet de ses cours dès 1910-1911. D’autres professeurs du Collège s’y sont intéressés (Léon Brillouin [Physique théorique, 1932-1949], Frédéric Joliot [Chimie nucléaire, 1937-1958] et André Lichnérowicz [Physique mathématique, 1952-1986], de même que des professeurs de philosophie, de poétique et d’histoire (Henri Bergson, Paul Valéry [Poétique, 1937-1945]), Lucien Febvre [Histoire de la civilisation moderne, 1933-1949], ou Maurice Merleau-Ponty [Philosophie, 1952-1961]) pour nous limiter à ces quelques noms. Ce volume découle d’un colloque organisé par Antoine Compagnon (Littérature française moderne et contemporaine), Jean Dalibard (Atomes et rayonnement) et Jean-François Joanny (Matière molle et biophysique) les 11 et 12 juin 2018, dans le cadre du projet « Passage des disciplines : histoire globale du Collège de France, xixe-xxe siècle », qui porte sur l’évolution des matières enseignées aussi bien que celles qui n’y ont pas été admises et qui forment un « Collège virtuel », depuis la fin du xviiie siècle jusqu’aux années 1960. Il est dirigé par Antoine Compagnon, avec la collaboration de Céline Surprenant et reçoit le soutien financier de PSL (2016-2019), et de la Fondation Hugot.
Arts & Humanities --- Humanities, Multidisciplinary --- Philosophy --- History --- History & Philosophy Of Science --- Literary Theory & Criticism --- Multidisciplinary --- Poetry --- history --- history of ideas --- history of literature --- history of sciences --- poetics --- physics --- philosophy --- social sciences --- histoire des sciences --- histoire des idées --- histoire littéraire --- littérature française --- philosophie --- physique --- poétique --- sciences sociales --- histoire --- mathématiques
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