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This book presents the fundamental theory for non-standard diffusion problems in movement ecology. Lévy processes and anomalous diffusion have shown to be both powerful and useful tools for qualitatively and quantitatively describing a wide variety of spatial population ecological phenomena and dynamics, such as invasion fronts and search strategies. Adopting a self-contained, textbook-style approach, the authors provide the elements of statistical physics and stochastic processes on which the modeling of movement ecology is based and systematically introduce the physical characterization of ecological processes at the microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic levels. The explicit definition of these levels and their interrelations is particularly suitable to coping with the broad spectrum of space and time scales involved in bio-ecological problems. Including numerous exercises (with solutions), this text is aimed at graduate students and newcomers in this field at the interface of theoretical ecology, mathematical biology and physics.
Animal ecology. --- Spatial behavior in animals. --- Animals --- Zoology --- Ecology --- Physics. --- Ecology. --- System theory. --- Biomathematics. --- Sociophysics. --- Econophysics. --- Complexity, Computational. --- Socio- and Econophysics, Population and Evolutionary Models. --- Theoretical Ecology/Statistics. --- Genetics and Population Dynamics. --- Complexity. --- Complex Systems. --- Animal behavior --- Genetics --- Engineering. --- Data-driven Science, Modeling and Theory Building. --- Mathematics. --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Biology --- Embryology --- Mendel's law --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Breeding --- Chromosomes --- Heredity --- Mutation (Biology) --- Variation (Biology) --- Balance of nature --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Ecology . --- Computational complexity. --- Systems, Theory of --- Systems science --- Science --- Complexity, Computational --- Electronic data processing --- Machine theory --- Mathematics --- Economics --- Statistical physics --- Mathematical sociology --- Philosophy --- Statistical methods
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This book presents the fundamental theory for non-standard diffusion problems in movement ecology. Lévy processes and anomalous diffusion have shown to be both powerful and useful tools for qualitatively and quantitatively describing a wide variety of spatial population ecological phenomena and dynamics, such as invasion fronts and search strategies. Adopting a self-contained, textbook-style approach, the authors provide the elements of statistical physics and stochastic processes on which the modeling of movement ecology is based and systematically introduce the physical characterization of ecological processes at the microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic levels. The explicit definition of these levels and their interrelations is particularly suitable to coping with the broad spectrum of space and time scales involved in bio-ecological problems. Including numerous exercises (with solutions), this text is aimed at graduate students and newcomers in this field at the interface of theoretical ecology, mathematical biology and physics.
Physics --- Biomathematics. Biometry. Biostatistics --- Genetics --- General ecology and biosociology --- Applied physical engineering --- Computer science --- informatica --- statistiek --- genetica --- ecologie --- biometrie --- ingenieurswetenschappen --- fysica
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Psychiatry --- psychiatrie --- psychotherapie --- klinische psychologie
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Le hasard fait bien les choses, nous dit-on. Mais il peut aussi mal les faire. C'est dire qu'il exerce un rôle non négligeable dans les domaines de l'action éthique et de la praxis esthétique. Selon Épicure et Lucrèce, le hasard serait même à l'origine de toute chose : de rerum il serait en quelque sorte la natura, pour peu que notre monde ait pris forme et consistance au sein d'un gigantesque chaos atomique, sans le concours d'un démiurge ordonnateur et législateur. « Cause fictive de ce qui arrive sans raison apparente ou explicable », aux dires des lexicographes, le hasard ne se laisse désigner qu'en creux. Il se définit par rapport à ce qu'il excède : la finalité rationnelle ou naturelle, d'un côté, le déterminisme des lois de la physique, de l'autre. Mot blanc, signifiant vide, hasard nomme cette part de l'événement qui échappe à la transcendance d'une volonté providentielle comme à l'immanence d'une nécessité matérielle. Il y a bien longtemps que les sciences de la nature – sous les coups de boutoir de l'évolution des espèces, la turbulence des fluides ou la physique quantique – ont abandonné une conception de la causalité oscillant entre la volonté rationnelle (ou inconsciente) et un strict déterminisme mécanique et légal. Voilà pourquoi, à son tour, la critique littéraire et artistique doit se mettre à penser la création esthétique en dehors des catégories de l'intentionnalité spirituelle et de l'inertie matérielle. La matière n'est pas plus inerte (in-ars) que l'auteur n'est tout puissant. La volonté et la nécessité ne recouvrent pas l'intégralité du champ de la création : la part laissée dans l'ombre et que l'on désigne au moyen du vocable hasard en appelle à de plus amples investigations.
Literary Theory & Criticism --- littérature contemporaine --- esthétique --- matérialisme
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