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LIBYA--HISTORY--CIVIL WAR, 2011 --- -NATO--ARMED FORCES--LIBYA

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When the Tunisian and Egyptian uprisings erupted in Africa, in the first two months of the year 2011, with the chant, 'the people want to bring down the regime', there was hope all over the continent that these rebellions were part of a wider African Awakening. President Ben Ali of Tunisia was forced to step down and fled to Saudi Arabia. Within a month of Ben Ali's departure, Hosni Mubarak of Egypt was removed from power by the people, who mobilised a massive revolutionary movement in the country. Four days after the ousting of Mubarak, sections of the Libyan people rebelled in Benghazi. Within days, this uprising was militarised, with armed resistance countered by declarations from the Libyan leadership vowing to use raw state power to root out the rebellion. The first Libyan demonstrations occurred on February 15, 2011, but by February 21 there were reports that innocent civilians were in imminent danger of being massacred by the army. This information was embellished by reports of the political leadership branding the rebellious forces as 'rats'. The United States (US), Britain and France took the lead to rush through a resolution in the United Nations (UN) Security Council, invoking the principle of the 'responsibility to protect'. This concept of responsibility to protect had been embraced and supported by many governments in the aftermath of the genocidal episodes in Rwanda, Bosnia and Kosovo. The UN Security Council Resolution 1973 of 2011 was loosely worded, with the formulation 'all necessary measures' tacked on to ensure wide latitude for those societies and political leaders who orchestrated the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) intervention in Libya. In the following nine months, the implementation of this UN resolution exposed the real objectives of the leaders of the US, France and Britain. With the Western media fuelling a propaganda campaign in the traditions of 'manufacturing consent', this Security Council authorisation was stretched from a clear and limited civilian protection mandate into a military campaign for regime change and the execution of the President of Libya, Muammar Gaddafi.

Intervention (International law) --- Regime change --- Change, Regime --- Political violence --- Interim governments --- Legitimacy of governments --- Military intervention --- Diplomacy --- International law --- Neutrality --- North Atlantic Treaty Organization --- NAVO --- OTAN --- North Atlantic treaty organisation --- Armed Forces --- Libya --- Politics and government --- History --- Revolutions --- Insurrections --- Rebellions --- Revolts --- Revolutionary wars --- Political science --- War --- Government, Resistance to --- Peacekeeping forces --- Peacekeeping (Military science) --- Peacekeeping operations --- International police --- Peace-building

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In this incisive account, scholar Horace Campbell investigates the political and economic crises of the early twenty-first century through the prism of NATO's intervention in Libya. He traces the origins of the conflict, situates it in the broader context of the Arab Spring uprisings, and explains the expanded role of a post-Cold War NATO. This military organization, he argues, is the instrument through which the capitalist class of North America and Europe seeks to impose its political will on the rest of the world, however warped by the increasingly outmoded neoliberal form of capitalism. Th

Regime change --- Revolutions --- Intervention (International law) --- Neoliberalism --- Neo-liberalism --- Liberalism --- Military intervention --- Diplomacy --- International law --- Neutrality --- Insurrections --- Rebellions --- Revolts --- Revolutionary wars --- History --- Political science --- Political violence --- War --- Government, Resistance to --- Change, Regime --- Interim governments --- Legitimacy of governments --- North Atlantic Treaty Organization --- NAVO --- OTAN --- North Atlantic treaty organisation --- Armed Forces --- Libya --- Lībiyā --- Jamāhīrīyah al-ʻArabīyah al-Lībīyah al-Shaʻbīyah al-Ishtirākīyah --- Libyan Arab Jamahiriya --- Jamahiriya arabe libyenne --- Libyen --- Libia --- Livii︠a︡ --- Popular Socialist Libyan Arab Jamahiriya --- Libië --- Socialist People's Arab Jamahiriya --- Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya --- Luv --- Libye --- Jamahiriya arabe libyenne populaire socialiste --- Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya --- Gran Jamahiriya araba libica socialista popolare --- SPLAJ --- Jamahiriya Arab Libyan Popular Socialist --- G.S.P.L.A.J. --- GSPLAJ --- Jamāhīrīyah al-ʻUẓmá --- Jamahiriya al-Arabiya al-Libiya al-Shabiya al-Ishtirakiya al-Uzma --- Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Republic --- Grande Jamahiriya arabe populaire socialiste libyenne --- Mamlakah al-Lībīyah al-Muttaḥidah --- Grand Jamahiriya arabe libyenne populaire socialiste --- State of Libya --- Dawiat Libiya --- リビア --- Ribia --- ليبيا --- לוב --- Politics and government

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Celebrating and critiquing the life of one of Africa's most important anti-imperialist leaders.

Decolonization --- Décolonisation --- History. --- Histoire. --- Sankara, Thomas. --- Since 1960 --- Burkina Faso --- Politics and government --- Pan-Africanism --- Political activists --- Anti-imperialist movements --- Political aspects.