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Electromagnetic metamaterials-from fundamental physics to advanced engineering applications This book presents an original generalized transmission line approach associated with non-resonant structures that exhibit larger bandwidths, lower loss, and higher design flexibility. It is based on the novel concept of composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line metamaterials (MMs), which has led to the development of novel guided-wave, radiated-wave, and refracted-wave devices and structures. The authors introduced this powerful new concept and are therefore able to offer readers deep insight into the fundamental physics needed to fully grasp the technology. Moreover, they provide a host of practical engineering applications. The book begins with an introductory chapter that places resonant type and transmission line metamaterials in historical perspective. The next six chapters give readers a solid foundation in the fundamentals and practical applications: * Fundamentals of LH MMs describes the fundamental physics and exotic properties of left-handed metamaterials * TL Theory of MMs establishes the foundations of CRLH structures in three progressive steps: ideal transmission line, LC network, and real distributed structure * Two-Dimensional MMs develops both a transmission matrix method and a transmission line method to address the problem of finite-size 2D metamaterials excited by arbitrary sources * Guided-Wave Applications and Radiated-Wave Applications present a number of groundbreaking applications developed by the authors * The Future of MMs sets forth an expert view on future challenges and prospects This engineering approach to metamaterials paves the way for a new generation of microwave and photonic devices and structures. It is recommended for electrical engineers, as well as physicists and optical engineers, with an interest in practical negative refractive index structures and materials.

Magnetic materials. --- Metamaterials. --- Nanostructured materials. --- Microwave transmission lines.

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This thesis investigates the effects of pure time modulated (PTM) media on the electromagnetic (EM) field within the framework of quantum optics. In these media, permittivity and permeability are uniform in space but can change over time, leading to pairwise photon creation and annihilation events for photons with opposite momentum. The study primarily employs the Heisenberg picture to analyze the evolution of the EM field, which is governed by two coupled differential equations that typically require numerical solutions. While most sources only allow either the permittivity or the permeability of the system to vary, we will extend this formalism to allow simultaneous variations in the permittivity and permeability. We will prove that for some modulations for which the evolution of the permittivity and permeability satisfy certain relations, we can solve the differential equations analytically. When the parameters of the system stabilize to constant values after some time, the average photon number continues to oscillate in this formalism. This implies photons are repeatedly created and annihilated despite the stationary medium. To simplify these dynamics, this thesis defines new photons in the final medium and establishes a relation with the photons in the initial medium. The advantage of this new type of photon is that the photon number will remain fixed and the general dynamics of the electromagnetic field in this final medium will be less complex. The thesis also examines periodic PTM systems, demonstrating that the complete evolution of the EM field can be calculated exactly when we understand the evolution during the first period of the modulation. We then derive a condition that determines whether a certain wavenumber belongs to the amplification range of a parametric amplifier, aiding the analysis of various parametric amplifiers. Finally, this work also focuses on the evolution of the EM field state, rather than the evolution of the operators. Previously, this has been done for temporal interfaces, media which change instantaneously at some time, by calculating the time-evolution operator. We tried to extend this for general PTM systems, but it was not possible since the timeevolution operator is more complicated. Instead, this research presents a new method to determine the transition probabilities due to the modulation from an arbitrary initial state to a Fock state at later times. This does not completely specify how the state evolves, but it still entails a significant amount of information on the control of a specific modulation on the evolution of the state. Overall, this thesis contributes to the theoretical understanding of time-modulated media and their impact on the EM field, offering new methods for studying photon dynamics and parametric amplification in PTM systems.