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This paper analyzes the empirical determinants of household saving using data from 21 OECD countries for 1975-95. A particular focus is the influence of the tax and social security systems on household saving. The paper therefore extends the usual set of explanatory variables used to explain household saving behavior to include variables that capture the structure of the tax system and the financing and generosity of the social security and welfare system. These variables are found to have an important impact on household saving. Accordingly, by changing the design of these systems, governments may be able to influence saving.

Banks and Banking --- Macroeconomics --- Taxation --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies --- Social Security and Public Pensions --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects --- Public finance & taxation --- Welfare & benefit systems --- Finance --- Income --- Social security contributions --- Income tax systems --- Real interest rates --- Income and capital gains taxes --- National accounts --- Taxes --- Financial services --- Income tax --- Social security --- Interest rates --- New Zealand

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This paper examines the solvency and sustainability of India’s external imbalances and analyzes the optimality of its capital flows. We use three approaches: an intertemporal model of the current account that allows for capital controls; a composite model of macroeconomic indicators that yields probabilities of future balance of payments crises; and scenarios that examine the path of the current account consistent with the stabilization of India’s external liability-to-GDP ratio. The results indicate that India’s intertemporal budget constraint is satisfied and that the path of its current account imbalances is sustainable, with some support for the optimality (given capital controls) of its external borrowing.

Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Open Economy Macroeconomics --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- International economics --- Current account --- Current account deficits --- Current account imbalances --- Capital flows --- Consumption distribution --- Balance of payments --- National accounts --- Capital movements --- Income distribution --- India

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Japan’s weak economic performance in the 1990s has had implications not only for its own people, but for the world economy more generally, given Japan’s importance as a trading partner and supplier of capital. Therefore, it is essential that Japan unlock its growth potential. The IMF has worked with the Japanese authorities to identify the policies needed to bring Japan’s economy out of its recent slump. This book contributes to this ongoing debate, whose major topics include the need for an integrated policy strategy based on the decisive restructuring of the banking and corporate sectors, combined with macroeconomic policies designed to bring an end to deflation.

International finance --- Fiscal policy --- Monetary policy --- Foreign exchange rates --- Politique fiscale --- Politique monétaire --- Taux de change --- International Monetary Fund --- Japan --- Japon --- Economic policy --- Politique économique --- 338.22 <520> --- -Monetary policy --- -Foreign exchange rates --- -JP / Japan - Japon --- 331.30 --- 336.61 --- 333.820 --- -330.952 --- Exchange rates --- Fixed exchange rates --- Flexible exchange rates --- Floating exchange rates --- Fluctuating exchange rates --- Foreign exchange --- Rates of exchange --- Monetary management --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Finance, Public --- Economische organisatieleer. Economisch beleid. Economische politiek--Japan --- Economische toestand. --- Financieel beleid. --- Geldbeleid, bankbeleid en kredietbeleid: algemeenheden. --- Rates --- Government policy --- Mezhdunarodnyĭ vali︠u︡tnyĭ fond --- Международный валютный фонд --- Miz︠h︡narodnyĭ vali︠u︡tnyĭ fond --- Fundo Monetário Internacional --- Fondo Monetario Internacional --- IMF (International Monetary Fund) --- FMI (International Monetary Fund) --- Internationaler Währungsfonds --- Kokusai Tsūka Kikin --- Fonds monétaire international --- Kukche Tʻonghwa Kigŭm --- Kansainvälinen Valuuttarahasto --- Kuo chi huo pi chi chin --- Fondul Monetar International --- Ṣundūq al-Naqd al-Dawlī --- Fondo M. Internacional --- IWF (International Monetary Fund) --- Kō̜ngthun Kānngœ̄n rawāng Prathēt --- MVF (International Monetary Fund) --- Międzynarodowy Fundusz Walutowy --- Mulya Aramudala --- I.M.F. (International Monetary Fund) --- Quỹ tiè̂n tệ quó̂c té̂ --- Nemzetközi Valuta Alap --- صندوق النقد الدولي --- 国际货币基金组织 --- 国際通貨基金 --- 國際貨幣基金組織 --- Fundu Monetariu Internacional --- Ṣundūq al-Naqd al-Duwalī --- DNT (Organization) --- -Electronic books. -- local. --- Fiscal policy -- Japan. --- Foreign exchange rates -- Japan. --- International Monetary Fund. --- Japan -- Economic policy -- 1989-. --- Monetary policy -- Japan. --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- 338.22 <520> Economische organisatieleer. Economisch beleid. Economische politiek--Japan --- -338.22 <520> --- Electronic books. -- local. --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- -International finance --- -Fiscal policy --- Politique monétaire --- Politique économique --- Nihon --- Nippon --- Iapōnia --- Zhāpān --- I︠A︡ponii︠a︡ --- Yapan --- Japão --- Japam --- Mư̄ang Yīpun --- Prathēt Yīpun --- Yīpun --- Jih-pen --- Riben --- Government of Japan --- 日本 --- 日本国 --- Nipponkoku --- Nippon-koku --- Nihonkoku --- Nihon-koku --- State of Japan --- Япония --- Japani --- اليابان --- al-Yābān --- يابان --- Yābān --- Japonsko --- Giappone --- Japonia --- Japonya --- IMF --- Economische toestand --- Financieel beleid --- Geldbeleid, bankbeleid en kredietbeleid: algemeenheden --- Jepun --- Yapon --- Yapon Ulus --- I︠A︡pon --- Япон --- I︠A︡pon Uls --- Япон Улс --- -IMF --- Banks and Banking --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Industries: Financial Services --- Demography --- Labor --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Economics of the Elderly --- Economics of the Handicapped --- Non-labor Market Discrimination --- Monetary Policy --- Price Level --- Inflation --- Deflation --- Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits --- Private Pensions --- Finance --- Monetary economics --- Macroeconomics --- Population & demography --- Banking --- Pensions --- Aging --- Inflation targeting --- Bank credit --- Population and demographics --- Loans --- Financial institutions --- Money --- Nonperforming loans --- Banks and banking --- Population aging --- Credit

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The authors examine the numerous structural and policy changes Indian authorities have adopted since the 1991 balance of payments crisis; how these changes helped India weather the Asian financial crisis of 1997-98; the risks to fiscal sustainability and their implications for growth; the challenges facing monetary policy in the face of financial market liberalization; and the benefits of structural reform and fiscal policy for growth, poverty, and the reduction of regional disparities.

Fiscal policy --- Sustainable development --- Politique fiscale --- Développement durable --- India --- Inde --- Economic policy --- Economic conditions --- Politique économique --- Conditions économiques --- 338 <540> --- 338.24 <540> --- -Sustainable development --- -331.30 --- 331.31 --- 331.33 --- IN / India - Inde --- 330.954 --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Finance, Public --- Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--India --- Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--India --- Economische toestand. --- Economisch beleid. --- Structureel beleid. Reglementering. Dereglementering. Ordnungspolitik. --- Environmental aspects --- Government policy --- -Economic policy --- -Fiscal policy -- India. --- India -- Economic conditions -- 1947-. --- India -- Economic policy -- 1980-1991. --- India -- Economic policy -- 1991-. --- Sustainable development -- India. --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- 338.24 <540> Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--India --- 338 <540> Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--India --- Fiscal policy -- India. --- -Fiscal policy --- Développement durable --- Politique économique --- Conditions économiques --- 331.30 --- Economische toestand --- Economisch beleid --- Structureel beleid. Reglementering. Dereglementering. Ordnungspolitik --- E-books --- Bharat --- Bhārata --- Government of India --- Ḣindiston Respublikasi --- Indië --- Indien --- Indii︠a︡ --- Indland --- Indo --- Republic of India --- Sāthāranarat ʻIndīa --- Yin-tu --- インド --- هند --- Индия --- Exports and Imports --- Inflation --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Industries: Financial Services --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Price Level --- Deflation --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- International economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Finance --- Budgeting & financial management --- Public debt --- Financial institutions --- Balance of payments --- Prices --- Debts, Public --- Mutual funds --- Capital movements

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Saudi Arabia: Tackling Emerging Economic Challenges to Sustain Strong Growth.

Investments: Energy --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Industries: Energy --- Energy: General --- Energy: Demand and Supply --- Prices --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Fiscal Policy --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Investment & securities --- Public finance & taxation --- Petroleum, oil & gas industries --- Oil --- Oil prices --- Expenditure --- Fiscal policy --- Oil production --- Commodities --- Production --- Petroleum industry and trade --- Expenditures, Public --- Saudi Arabia