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In this report, RAND Corporation researchers summarize what is currently known about killings committed by police officers in the United States and identify existing evidence about various ways to prevent these killings. A relatively large body of research on these topics exists, but these studies often suffer from methodological shortcomings, largely stemming from the dearth of available data. Recognizing the need for more-rigorous work to guide efforts to reform police - and, more specifically, to reduce police killings - the authors present work focused on the development of a research agenda, or a road map, to reduce police killings. The report, based on an extensive literature review as well as interviews with policing experts, contains a series of recommendations for areas in which research efforts may be most effective in helping inform policymaking and decisionmaking aimed at reducing police killings. The authors identified six focus areas - foundational issues (such as racial inequities, police culture, and police unions), data and reporting, training, policies, technology, and consequences for officers. Reviewing the priority research topics in each focus area, similar themes emerged, especially around the need for more-extensive and more-systematic data collection and around the use of agency policies to better govern a range of operations related to police violence, such as data collection and reporting and technology.

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Elder abuse or mistreatment (EM) — which includes psychological, physical, and sexual abuse; neglect; and financial exploitation of older adults — is a widespread problem that can have devastating consequences. People subjected to abuse or mistreatment are more likely to experience depression, cognitive decline, reduced quality of life, and premature mortality. Individuals experiencing EM often need a variety of interventions to restore health, recover from trauma, resolve or recoup financial losses, separate from their abusers, and relocate to new housing. This report presents an initial evaluation of the nation's first elder-specific shelter — the Harry and Jeanette Weinberg Center for Elder Justice, which is part of the Hebrew Home at Riverdale. Located in the Bronx, New York, the Hebrew Home is a nonprofit residential health care facility with 560 beds, part of a continuum of care community that provides a full spectrum of health care, home care, and housing on a nonsectarian basis. The authors seek to shed light on the Weinberg Center model, which aims to benefit the growing number of individuals experiencing EM and also may have wider societal benefits. Specifically, the authors describe the Weinberg Center's shelter model, examine some of the more important outcomes for Weinberg Center clients, and begin to quantify some of the costs and benefits, including potential cost savings, of the model for individuals experiencing EM, public payers, and society. However, it is important to note that this is an initial evaluation with a limited scope. A full evaluation would employ a rigorous experimental design.

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As the number of older adults in the United States increases, there will be a corresponding increase in the need for services to prevent elder abuse and intervene in cases where it has already occurred. However, there are a limited number of evidence-based interventions to support victims of elder abuse. To encourage the rigorous evaluation of one intervention—Elder Abuse Shelters (EASs)—RAND researchers developed three research designs and assessed the preparedness of the well-established Weinberg Center's EAS in New York to undertake them. Researchers found that the Weinberg Center's EAS is well established, and the program model was organizationally and programmatically ready to be evaluated, though data collection practices should be strengthened before implementing the suggested evaluation designs. These evaluation designs could be generalized and implemented at EASs across the country as the number of shelters continues to grow.