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A research perspective that takes language use into account opens up new views of old issues and provides an understanding of issues that linguists have rarely addressed. Referencing new developments in cognitive and functional linguistics, phonetics, and connectionist modeling, this book investigates various ways in which a speaker/hearer's experience with language affects the representation of phonology. Rather than assuming phonological representations in terms of phonemes, Joan Bybee adopts an exemplar model, in which specific tokens of use are stored and categorized phonetically with reference to variables in the context. This model allows an account of phonetically gradual sound change which produces lexical variation, and provides an explanatory account of the fact that many reductive sound changes affect high frequency items first. The well-known effects of type and token frequency on morphologically-conditioned phonological alterations are shown also to apply to larger sequences, such as fixed phrases and constructions, solving some of the problems formulated previously as dealing with the phonology-syntax interface.

Phonetics --- Grammar --- Grammar, Comparative and general. --- Grammar, Comparative and general - Morphology. --- Linguistic change. --- Linguistic universals. --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Linguistic change --- Linguistic universals --- Languages & Literatures --- Philology & Linguistics --- Phonology --- Morphology --- 801.4 --- -Linguistic change --- -Universals (Linguistics) --- Language and languages --- Universals (Linguistics) --- Linguistics --- Typology (Linguistics) --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Philosophical grammar --- Philology --- Change, Linguistic --- Language change --- Historical linguistics --- Fonetiek. Fonologie --- Universals --- Grammar, Comparative --- 801.4 Fonetiek. Fonologie --- Phonology. --- Morphology. --- Morphology (Linguistics) --- Universaliën (Taalwetenschap) --- Lingüística. --- Fonologia. --- Morfologia (lingüística) --- Gramática comparada. --- Variation de langage. --- Universaux du langage. --- Phonologie. --- Sprachgebrauch. --- Grammar [Comparative and general ] --- Arts and Humanities --- Language & Linguistics --- Grammar, Comparative and general Phonology --- Grammar, Comparative and general Morphology --- GRAMMAR, COMPARATIVE AND GENERAL --- LINGUISTIC CHANGE --- UNIVERSAUX (LINGUISTIQUE) --- PHONOLOGY --- MORPHOLOGY

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Language demonstrates structure while at the same time showing considerable variation at all levels: languages differ from one another while still being shaped by the same principles; utterances within a language differ from one another while still exhibiting the same structural patterns; languages change over time, but in fairly regular ways. This book focuses on the dynamic processes that create languages and give them their structure and their variance. Joan Bybee outlines a theory of language that directly addresses the nature of grammar, taking into account its variance and gradience, and seeks explanation in terms of the recurrent processes that operate in language use. The evidence is based on the study of large corpora of spoken and written language, and what we know about how languages change, as well as the results of experiments with language users. The result is an integrated theory of language use and language change which has implications for cognitive processing and language evolution.

Language and languages --- Cognitive grammar --- Linguistic change --- Usage --- #KVHA:Cognitieve linguistiek --- Linguistc change. --- Cognitive grammar. --- Linguistic change. --- Usage. --- #KVHA:Taalkunde --- 800 --- 800 Taalwetenschap. Taalkunde. Linguistiek --- Taalwetenschap. Taalkunde. Linguistiek --- Change, Linguistic --- Language change --- Historical linguistics --- Linguistic usage --- Usage, Linguistic --- Cognitive linguistics --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Psycholinguistics --- Grammars --- Grammar --- Arts and Humanities --- Language & Linguistics --- Language and languages - Usage

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How and why do languages change? This new introduction offers a guide to the types of change at all levels of linguistic structure, as well as the mechanisms behind each type. Based on data from a variety of methods and a huge array of language families, it examines general patterns of change, bringing together recent findings on sound change, analogical change, grammaticalization, the creation and change of constructions, as well as lexical change. Emphasizing crosslinguistic patterns and going well beyond traditional methods in historical linguistics, this book sees change as grounded in cognitive processes and usage factors that are rarely mentioned in other textbooks. Complete with questions for discussion, suggested readings and a useful glossary of terms, this book helps students to gain a general understanding of language as an ever-changing system.

Sociolinguistics --- Historical linguistics --- Dialectology --- Linguistic change --- Linguistic change. --- Changement linguistique --- Historical linguistics. --- Linguistique historique --- Changement linguistique. --- Linguistique historique.

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This volume brings together a collection of 18 papers that look into the expression of modality in the grammars of natural languages, with an emphasis on its manifestations in naturally occurring discourse. Though the individual contributions reflect a diversity of languages, of synchronic and diachronic foci, and of theoretical orientations - all within the broad domain of functional linguistics - they nonetheless converge around a number of key issues: the relationship between 'mood' and 'modality'; the delineation of modal categories and their nomenclature; the grounding of modality in inte

Grammar --- Grammar, Comparative and general -- Mood -- Congresses. --- Modality (Linguistics) -- Congresses. --- Modality (Linguistics) --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Languages & Literatures --- Philology & Linguistics --- Congresses --- Mood --- Congresses. --- 801.56 --- Syntaxis. Semantiek --- 801.56 Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Language and languages --- Philosophical grammar --- Grammar, Comparative --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Mood&delete& --- Grammar [Comparative and general ] --- Modality (Linguistics) - Congresses. --- Grammar, Comparative and general - Mood - Congresses.

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Grammar --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Linguistic change --- Modality (Linguistics) --- Grammaticalization --- Tense --- Aspect --- Linguistic change. --- Tense and modality (Linguistics) --- Vergelijkende en algemene grammatica --- Aspect. --- Grammaticalization. --- Tense. --- 801.56 --- 801.56 Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Syntaxis. Semantiek --- Tense and modality (Linguistics). --- Vergelijkende en algemene grammatica. --- Change, Linguistic --- Language change --- Historical linguistics --- Language and languages --- Tense (Grammar) --- Semantics --- Aspect (Linguistics) --- Temporal constructions --- Syntax --- Verbal aspect --- Verb --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Grammar, Comparative and general - Grammaticalization --- Grammar, Comparative and general - Tense --- Grammar, Comparative and general - Aspect