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The Indonesian government has tried to defeat terrorist groups and uproot radicalism, both through military and cultural-ideological approaches. The recent attack at Mako Brimob Depok, West Java, and the bombing in Surabaya, East Java, however, have shown that radical Islam and terrorist groups are not defeated yet. Killing terrorist does not always mean killing terrorism. It could even have the opposite impact, i.e., strengthening and fertilizing the radical ideology. The government, being aware of this, has been supporting Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) in promoting Islam Nusantara, widely believed to be the ideological antidote for radicalism and terrorism. Proponents of Islam Nusantara believe that radical ideology contradicts the character traits of Islam Nusantara, i.e., peaceful, smiling, tolerant, moderate, and accommodative to culture. Radicalism and intolerance are commonly seen in NU circles as being disseminated by transnational movements such as Hizbut Tahrir and Salafi-Wahhabi groups. Though not terrorist groups, they do teach intolerant and exclusive religiosity which provides a breeding ground for terrorism. Among Indonesian Muslims, including NU, Islam Nusantara has received varied responses and been met by resistance. The emergence of NU Garis Lurus and the concerted efforts to debunk Islam Nusantara by some preachers are among the forms of activities that seek to undermine Islam Nusantara. The introduction of Islam Nusantara is further hampered by the attitude of some of its proponents who emphasize its exclusivity by identifying Islam Nusantara only with NU. Barring its current limits, Islam Nusantara has the potential to become an exceptional form of Islam or a template for tolerant Islam that can be emulated by Muslims in other parts of the world, especially in terms of its ability to accommodate local culture and multiculturalism.

Islam --- Islam and culture --- Culture and Islam --- Culture --- Islamic civilization --- Mohammedanism --- Muhammadanism --- Muslimism --- Mussulmanism --- Religions --- Muslims --- Social aspects

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Islam --- Indonesia

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Muhammadiyah, together with the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), are seen as the two pillars of moderate Islam in Indonesia. Muhammadiyah is currently often perceived to be the more conservative of the two and to have more affinity with Islamist groups. On political issues, for instance, it is steered by Islamist imagery. On cultural issues, Muhammadiyah is often guided by old enmity towards what is called the TBC (takhayul, bid'ah dan churafat; delusions, religious innovation without precedence in the Prophetic traditions and the Qur'an, and superstitions or irrational belief). This position has placed Muhammadiyah in an uneasy relationship with both local cultures and traditionalist Islam. Three issues that were raised in the banning of Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI), the recurrent controversy on the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), and the ruling of the Constitutional Court on Penghayat Kepercayaan;are issues where Muhammadiyah has been easily drawn towards Islamist and conservative tendencies.Be that as it may, Muhammadiyah remains a social movement guided by its long-held theology of al- Mā`ūn (kindness) and with a strong emphasis on social services. It is this doctrine that has prevented Muhammadiyah from dwelling on mythical or abstract issues and neutralized it against Islamism, making its members more realistic in viewing the world, more prone to distancing themselves from the utopian vision of a caliphate, from the dream of shariah as the Messiah that will solve every problem, and from the temptation to create an Islamic state.The "pragmatic Islamism" that Muhammadiyah has adopted allows it to handle social dynamics well.

Islamic fundamentalism. --- Islam and state. --- Islam and politics. --- Human services --- Islamic fundamentalism --- Islam and state --- Islam and politics --- Islam --- Politics and Islam --- Political science --- Mosque and state --- State and Islam --- State, The --- Ummah (Islam) --- Fundamentalism, Islamic --- Islamism --- Religious fundamentalism --- Services, Human --- Religious aspects. --- Political aspects --- Muhammadiyah (Organization) --- Muhammadijah (Organization) --- Moehammadijah (Organization) --- Persayrikatan Muhammadiyah --- Muhammadiyan (Organization) --- Persyarikatan Muhammadiyah (Organization) --- Indonesia. --- Dutch East Indies --- Endonèsie --- Indanezii͡ --- Indoneshia --- Indoneshia Kyōwakoku --- Indonesi --- Indonesya --- Indonezia --- Indonezii͡ --- Indonezija --- İndoneziya --- İndoneziya Respublikası --- Indūnīsīy --- Induonezėj --- Jumhūrīyah Indūnīsīy --- PDRI --- Pemerintah Darurat Republik Indonesia --- R.I. --- Republic of Indonesia --- Republic of the United States of Indonesia --- Republica d'Indonesia --- Republiek van Indonesi --- Republik Indonesia --- Republik Indonesia Serikat --- Republika Indonezii͡ --- Republika Indonezija --- Rėspublika Indanezii͡ --- RI --- United States of Indonesia --- Yinni --- Indonesia --- Dutch East Indies (Territory under Japanese occupation, 1942-1945)

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Social sciences (general)