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This book investigates how bishops deployed reward and punishment to control their administrative subordinates in thirteenth-century England. Bishops had few effective avenues available to them for disciplining their clerks and rarely pursued them, preferring to secure their service and loyalty through rewards. The chief reward was the benefice, often granted for life. Episcopal administrators' security of tenure in these benefices, however, made them free agents, allowing them to transfer from diocese to diocese or even leave administration altogether; they did not constitute a standing episcopal civil service. This tenuous bureaucratic relationship made the personal relationship between bishop and clerk more important. Ultimately, many bishops communicated in terms of friendship with their administrators, who responded with expressions of devotion. Michael Burger's study brings together ecclesiastical, social, legal and cultural history, producing the first synoptic study of thirteenth-century English diocesan administration in decades. His research provides an ecclesiastical counterpoint to numerous studies of bastard feudalism in secular contexts.

Benefices, Ecclesiastical --- Church polity. --- Church discipline. --- Bénéfices ecclésiastiques --- Eglise --- History --- Histoire --- Gouvernement --- Discipline --- England --- Angleterre --- Church history --- Histoire religieuse --- -Church polity. --- 27 <420> "10/14" --- Discipline, Church --- Discipline, Ecclesiastical --- Ecclesiastical discipline --- Church polity --- Church benefices --- Ecclesiastical benefices --- Expectative graces --- Graces, Expectative --- Pluralism (Benefices) --- Church property --- Clergy --- Christian sects --- Christianity --- Church government --- Ecclesiastical polity --- Polity, Ecclesiastical --- Church --- Polity (Religion) --- History. --- Kerkgeschiedenis--Engeland--?"10/14" --- Salaries, etc. --- Government --- Polity --- -Benefices, Ecclesiastical --- Bénéfices ecclésiastiques --- Anglii︠a︡ --- Inghilterra --- Engeland --- Inglaterra --- Anglija --- England and Wales --- -Church polity --- Church discipline --- Arts and Humanities

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Die Ultraschalluntersuchung ist ein zentraler Teil der Schwangerenvorsorge. In diesem Buch finden Sie viele Ultraschallbilder aus den verschiedenen Schwangerschaftsphasen, die Herr Dr. Burger kenntnisreich kommentiert. Zum besseren Verständnis ist dem reich bebilderten Hauptteil eine Einführung zum Ultraschall im Allgemeinen voran gestellt. Der Autor versteht es brillant, medizinisches Fachwissen für Laien verständlich zu machen und so die werdenden Eltern humorvoll durch die freudige Zeit der Erwartung zu begleiten. Schwerpunkt ist die normale Entwicklung des Babys. Aus dem Inhalt - Wie funktioniert eigentlich Ultraschall? Wozu Ultraschall? - Das Baby im Bild: Welche Strukturen sind ab wann, wie und wo zu erkennen? - Mythen über den Ultraschall, Tipps für die Untersuchung - Mit Wörterbuch „Medizinerkauderwelsch“ zu Alltagsdeutsch - Tabellen mit den wichtigsten Messwerten des Kindes und nützliche Webseiten Über den Autor Oberarzt Dr. Michael Burger, MSc ist seit über 30 Jahren erfahrener Geburtshelfer und spezialisiert auf Pränataldiagnostik. Er hat neben seiner medizinischen Tätigkeit noch zusätzlich psychosoziale Ausbildungen abgeschlossen. In beiden Disziplinen ist er als Ausbilder tätig und gibt sein Wissen in Seminaren, Fachpublikationen und Vorträgen weiter.

Medicine . --- Health. --- Obstetrics. --- Maternal and child health services. --- Popular Science in Medicine and Health. --- Obstetrics/Perinatology/Midwifery. --- Maternal and Child Health.

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"History students read a lot. They read primary sources. They read specialized articles and monographs. They sometimes read popular histories. And they read textbooks. Yet students are beginners, and as beginners they need to learn the differences among various kinds of readings--their natures, their challenges, and the unique expectations one needs to bring to each of them. Reading History is a practical guide to help students read better. Uniquely designed with the author's engaging explanations in the margins, the book describes primary sources across various genres, including documents of practice, treatises, and literary works, as well as secondary sources such as textbooks, articles, and monographs. An appendix contains tips and questions for reading primary or secondary sources. Full of practical advice and hands-on training that will allow students to be successful, Reading History also helps cultivate a wider appreciation for the discipline of history."--

History --- Historiography. --- Reading. --- Reading --- Histoire --- Lecture. --- History. --- Methodology. --- Méthodologie.

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"Sources for the History of Western Civilization is a primary source reader designed specifically to allow undergraduate students to interact with historical documents. Michael Burger provides only the editorial guidance that students truly require, without unnecessary interventions. The third edition gives special stress to certain genres, including letters and biographical writings, in order to facilitate comparisons across time. Introductions to sources are reticent, encouraging students to make their own assessments and giving instructors the freedom to supplement where desired. Like the companion textbook, The Shaping of Western Civilization, this two-volume sourcebook ranges in space and time from the ancient Near East to twentieth-century Canada and twenty-first-century Central Europe. The third edition features substantive revisions and additional coverage of key topics throughout; in Volume One, students and instructors will find new material on the West’s relations with the wider world c. 1100–1600."

Civilization, Western --- Civilisation occidentale --- History --- Histoire

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Climate Change, Public Health, and the Law provides the first comprehensive explication of the dynamic interactions between climate change, public health law, and environmental law, both in the United States and internationally. Responding to climate change and achieving public health protections each require the coordination of the decisions and behavior of large numbers of people. However, they also involve interventions that risk compromising individual rights. The challenges involved in coordinating large-scale responses to public health threats and protecting against the invasion of rights, makes the law indispensable to both of these agendas. Written for the benefit of public health and environmental law professionals and policymakers in the United States and in the international public health sector, this volume focuses on the legal components of pursuing public health goals in the midst of a changing climate. It will help facilitate efforts to develop, improve, and carry out policy responses at the international, federal, state, and local levels.

Climatic changes --- Public health laws --- Public health laws, International. --- Human beings --- Human ecology --- Ecology --- Environment, Human --- Human environment --- Ecological engineering --- Human geography --- Nature --- Homo sapiens --- Human race --- Humanity (Human beings) --- Humankind --- Humans --- Man --- Mankind --- People --- Hominids --- Persons --- International public health laws --- International sanitary regulations --- World health --- International law --- Climate change mitigation --- Environmental law --- Liability for climatic change damages --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Law and legislation --- Government policy --- Health aspects --- Law and legislation. --- Effects of environment on. --- Government policy. --- Social aspects --- Effect of environment on --- Effect of human beings on --- Environmental aspects --- Global environmental change