Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

In general, trees are viewed as admired symbolic individuals, producing recreational, spiritual and emotional rejuvenation. Their lifespan can far exceed that of humans. Planting a tree is a singular act of faith in the future, creating a legacy for the community members who will follow. The presence of trees in an urban area has been a reality for several centuries. Beautiful trees in urban plazas are synonymous with a high sense of community and civic pride. Trees significantly enhance the landscaping and appearance of the built environment. City trees improve several architectural and engineering functions, providing a green infrastructure for communities. Trees create a friendlier environment for walking, riding bikes and working, by reducing glare and softening harsh traffic sounds and concrete views. Trees enhance the viewing in urban areas of a variety of birds and small animals, such as squirrels. They are of extreme importance to the functioning of many different ecosystems. Trees planted in the right place around buildings can improve air conditioning and heating costs by providing shade or by affecting wind speed or direction. Evergreen trees with dense, persistent needles can be used to provide a windbreak, while deciduous trees allow the sun to warm a house in winter. The more compact the branches and foliage of a group of trees, the greater their influence as a windbreak.

Urban forestry. --- Absorption of sound. --- Environmental management. --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Sound --- Sound absorption --- Architectural acoustics --- City forestry --- Forestry, Urban --- Urban forests --- Arboriculture --- Forests and forestry --- Urban vegetation management --- Trees in cities --- Absorption --- Pollution. --- Noise control. --- Acoustics. --- Forests and forestry. --- Wood. --- Pollution, general. --- Noise Control. --- Environmental Management. --- Forestry Management. --- Wood Science & Technology. --- Building materials --- Forest products --- Trees --- Timber --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Logging --- Tree crops --- Noise prevention --- Acoustical engineering --- Environmental engineering --- Noise --- Chemical pollution --- Chemicals --- Contamination of environment --- Environmental pollution --- Pollution --- Contamination (Technology) --- Asbestos abatement --- Bioremediation --- Environmental quality --- Factory and trade waste --- Hazardous waste site remediation --- Hazardous wastes --- In situ remediation --- Lead abatement --- Pollutants --- Refuse and refuse disposal --- Environmental aspects --- Forestry management. --- Forest products. --- Botany, Economic --- Commercial products --- Raw materials --- Forest administration --- Forest plants --- Forest resource administration --- Forest resource management --- Forest stewardship --- Forest vegetation management --- Forestry management --- Stewardship, Forest --- Vegetation management, Forest --- Ecosystem management --- Administration --- Control

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book addresses core questions about the role of materials in general and of wood in particular in the construction of string instruments used in the modern symphony orchestra – violins, violas, cellos and basses. Further attention is given to materials for classical guitars, harps, harpsichords and pianos. While some of the approaches discussed are traditional, most of them depend upon new scientific approaches to the study of the structure of materials, such as for example wood cell structure, which is visible only using modern high resolution microscopic techniques. Many examples of modern and classical instruments are examined, together with the relevance of classical techniques for the treatment of wood. Composite materials, especially designed for soundboards could be a good substitute for some traditional wood species. The body and soundboard of the instrument are of major importance for their acoustical properties, but the study also examines traditional and new wood species used for items such as bows, the instrument neck, string pegs, etc. Wood species’ properties for musical instruments and growth origins of woods used by great makers such as Antonio Stradivari are examined and compared with more recently grown woods available to current makers. The role of varnish in the appearance and acoustics of the final instrument is also discussed, since it has often been proposed as a ‘secret ingredient’ used by great makers. Aspects related to strings are commented. As well as discussing these subjects, with many illustrations from classical and contemporary instruments, the book gives attention to conservation and restoration of old instruments and the physical results of these techniques. There is also discussion of the current value of old instruments both for modern performances and as works of art having great monetary value. The book will be of interest and value to researchers, advanced students, music historians, and contemporary string instrument makers. Musicians in general, particularly those playing string instruments, will also find its revelations fascinating. It will also attract the attention of those using wood for a variety of other purposes, for its use in musical instruments uncovers many of its fundamental features. Professor Neville H. Fletcher Australian National University, Canberra.

Materials science. --- Music. --- Cultural heritage. --- Forest products. --- Acoustics. --- Materials Science. --- Ceramics, Glass, Composites, Natural Methods. --- Wood Science & Technology. --- Cultural Heritage. --- Sound. --- Stringed instruments --- Instruments, Stringed --- String instruments --- Musical instruments --- Wood. --- Ceramics, Glass, Composites, Natural Materials. --- Cultural heritage --- Cultural patrimony --- Cultural resources --- Heritage property --- National heritage --- National patrimony --- National treasure --- Patrimony, Cultural --- Treasure, National --- Property --- World Heritage areas --- Art music --- Art music, Western --- Classical music --- Musical compositions --- Musical works --- Serious music --- Western art music --- Western music (Western countries) --- Building materials --- Forest products --- Trees --- Timber --- Ceramics. --- Glass. --- Composites (Materials). --- Composite materials. --- Forest production --- Botany, Economic --- Commercial products --- Raw materials --- Composites (Materials) --- Multiphase materials --- Reinforced solids --- Solids, Reinforced --- Two phase materials --- Materials --- Amorphous substances --- Ceramics --- Glazing --- Ceramic technology --- Industrial ceramics --- Keramics --- Chemistry, Technical --- Clay

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book addresses key questions about the materials used for the wind instruments of classical symphony orchestra such as flutes, clarinets, saxophones, oboes, bassoons and pipe organs. The content of this book is structured into four parts. Part 1- Description of materials for wind instruments deals with wood species and materials for reeds used for making clarinet, oboe and bassoon- and, with metallic materials and alloys for - horn, trumpet, trombone, etc. Auxiliary materials associated with the manufacturing of wind instruments are felt, cork, leather and parchment. Part 2- Basic acoustics of wind instruments, in which are presented succinctly, some pertinent aspects related to the physics of the resonant air column. An important aspect discussed is related to the effect of wall material on the vibration modes of the walls of wind instruments. The methods for measuring the acoustical properties of wind instruments are presented. Part 3- Manufacturing of wind instruments, describes the technology used in manufacturing metallic tubes and pipes made of wood. Part 4 - The durability and degradation of materials addresses data about methods for cleaning wind instruments, studies factors producing degradation of organ pipes, describes methods of conservation and restoration of brass instruments and of historical pipe organs. Finally, the properties of marble are described, being the only one nondegradable and sustainable material used for pipes for organs.

Acoustics. --- Manufactures. --- Wood. --- Music. --- Cultural heritage. --- Ceramics, Glass, Composites, Natural Materials. --- Manufacturing, Machines, Tools, Processes. --- Wood Science & Technology. --- Cultural Heritage. --- Wind instruments --- Construction. --- Materials. --- Instruments, Wind --- Winds (Musical instruments) --- Musical instruments --- Cultural heritage --- Cultural patrimony --- Cultural resources --- Heritage property --- National heritage --- National patrimony --- National treasure --- Patrimony, Cultural --- Treasure, National --- Property --- World Heritage areas --- Art music --- Art music, Western --- Classical music --- Musical compositions --- Musical works --- Serious music --- Western art music --- Western music (Western countries) --- Building materials --- Forest products --- Trees --- Timber --- Manufactured goods --- Manufactured products --- Products --- Products, Manufactured --- Commercial products --- Manufacturing industries --- Ceramics. --- Glass. --- Composites (Materials). --- Composite materials. --- Forest products. --- Forest production --- Botany, Economic --- Raw materials --- Composites (Materials) --- Multiphase materials --- Reinforced solids --- Solids, Reinforced --- Two phase materials --- Materials --- Amorphous substances --- Ceramics --- Glazing --- Ceramic technology --- Industrial ceramics --- Keramics --- Chemistry, Technical --- Clay

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Classical mechanics. Field theory --- Vibrations --- Forestry --- Building materials. Building technology --- akoestiek --- houtverwerking --- bossen --- mechanica --- hout

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Measuring methods in physics --- Classical mechanics. Field theory --- Vibrations --- Chemical laboratory practice --- Building materials. Building technology --- geluidsleer --- akoestiek --- composieten --- procescontrole --- houtverwerking --- laboratoriuminstrumenten --- meetkundige instrumenten --- bouwmaterialen --- mechanica --- hout --- micro-elektronica --- elektrische meettechniek