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The objective of this state-of-the-art survey is to give a coherent overview of the main topics and results achieved by the Network of Excellence REWERSE on "Reasoning on the Web", funded by the European Commission and Switzerland within the "6th Framework Programme" (FP6), from 2004 to 2008. The material has been organized into eight chapters, each of which addresses one of the main topics of REWERSE: hybrid reasoning with rules and ontologies, lessons in versatility or how query languages adapt to the Web, evolution and reactivity in the Semantic Web, rule-based policy representations and reasoning, component models for Semantic Web languages, controlled English for reasoning on the Semantic Web, semantic search with GoPubMed, and information integration in bioinformatics with ontologies and standards. Each chapter gives an in-depth coverage of the subject and provides an extensive bibliography with pointers to further literature.

Semantic Web --- Telecommunications --- Computer Science --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Semantic Web. --- Semantic integration (Computer systems) --- Integration, Semantic (Computer systems) --- Computer science. --- Information technology. --- Business --- Computer communication systems. --- Data mining. --- Information storage and retrieval. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computer Science. --- Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet). --- Information Storage and Retrieval. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Computer Communication Networks. --- Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery. --- IT in Business. --- Data processing. --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Algorithmic knowledge discovery --- Factual data analysis --- KDD (Information retrieval) --- Knowledge discovery in data --- Knowledge discovery in databases --- Mining, Data --- Database searching --- Communication systems, Computer --- Computer communication systems --- Data networks, Computer --- ECNs (Electronic communication networks) --- Electronic communication networks --- Networks, Computer --- Teleprocessing networks --- Data transmission systems --- Digital communications --- Electronic systems --- Information networks --- Telecommunication --- Cyberinfrastructure --- Network computers --- IT (Information technology) --- Technology --- Telematics --- Information superhighway --- Knowledge management --- Informatics --- Science --- Distributed processing --- Integrated software --- Semantic computing --- Semantic networks (Information theory) --- World Wide Web --- Microformats --- Information storage and retrieva. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Information storage and retrieval systems. --- Automatic data storage --- Automatic information retrieval --- Automation in documentation --- Computer-based information systems --- Data processing systems --- Data storage and retrieval systems --- Discovery systems, Information --- Information discovery systems --- Information processing systems --- Information retrieval systems --- Machine data storage and retrieval --- Mechanized information storage and retrieval systems --- Computer systems --- Electronic information resources --- Data libraries --- Digital libraries --- Information organization --- Information retrieval --- Application software. --- Business—Data processing. --- Application computer programs --- Application computer software --- Applications software --- Apps (Computer software) --- Computer software

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Mathematical statistics --- Probabilities --- Statistique mathématique --- Probabilités --- Problems, exercises, etc --- Problèmes et exercices --- -Probabilities --- -Probability --- Statistical inference --- Combinations --- Mathematics --- Chance --- Least squares --- Risk --- Statistics, Mathematical --- Statistics --- Sampling (Statistics) --- Statistical methods --- Mathematical statistics. --- Probabilities. --- Problems, exercises, etc. --- -Problems, exercises, etc --- Statistique mathématique --- Probabilités --- Problèmes et exercices --- Probability --- Mathematical statistics - Problems, exercises, etc --- Probabilities - Problems, exercises, etc

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The Semantic Web is a major endeavor aimed at enriching the existing Web withmetadataandprocessingmethodssoastoprovideWeb-basedsystemswith advanced(so-calledintelligent)capabilities,inparticularwithcontext-awareness and decision support. The advanced capabilities striven for in most Semantic Web application s- narios primarily call for reasoning. Reasoning capabilities are o?ered by exi- ing Semantic Web languages, such as BPEL4WS, BPML, ConsVISor, DAML-S, JTP, TRIPLE, and others. These languages, however, were developed mostly from functionality-centered (e.g., ontology reasoning or access validation) or application-centered (e.g., Web service retrieval and composition) perspectives. A perspective centered on the reasoning techniques (e.g., forward or backward chaining, tableau-like methods, constraint reasoning, etc.) complementing the above-mentioned activities appears desirable for Semantic Web systems and - plications. The workshop on “Principles and Practice of Semantic Web Reas- ing,” which took place on December 8, 2003, in Mumbai, India, was the ?rst of a series of scienti?c meetings devoted to such a perspective. JustasthecurrentWebisinherentlyheterogeneousindataformatsanddata semantics, the Semantic Web will be inherently heterogeneous in its reasoning forms.Indeed,anysingleformof reasoningturnsouttobeirrealin theSemantic Web. For example, ontology reasoning in general relies on monotonic negation (for the metadata often can be fully speci?ed), while databases, Web databases, and Web-based information systems call for non-monotonic reasoning (for one would not specify non-existing trains in a railway timetable); constraint reas- ing is needed when dealing with time (for time intervals have to be dealt with), while(forwardand/orbackward)chainingisthereasoningofchoicewhencoping with database-like views (for views, i.e., virtual data, can be derived from actual data using operations such as join and projections).

Computer science. --- Software engineering. --- Information storage and retrieval systems. --- Information systems. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computer Science. --- Information Systems Applications (incl.Internet). --- Software Engineering. --- Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages. --- Information Storage and Retrieval. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Semantic Web --- Telecommunications --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Popular works. --- Mathematical logic. --- Database management. --- Information storage and retrieval. --- Popular Science. --- Popular Computer Science. --- Database Management. --- Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet). --- Information storage and retrieva. --- Informatics --- Science --- Computer software engineering --- Engineering --- Data base management --- Data services (Database management) --- Database management services --- DBMS (Computer science) --- Generalized data management systems --- Services, Database management --- Systems, Database management --- Systems, Generalized database management --- Electronic data processing --- Automatic data storage --- Automatic information retrieval --- Automation in documentation --- Computer-based information systems --- Data processing systems --- Data storage and retrieval systems --- Discovery systems, Information --- Information discovery systems --- Information processing systems --- Information retrieval systems --- Machine data storage and retrieval --- Mechanized information storage and retrieval systems --- Computer systems --- Electronic information resources --- Data libraries --- Digital libraries --- Information organization --- Information retrieval --- Application software. --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Mathematics --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism --- Application computer programs --- Application computer software --- Applications software --- Apps (Computer software) --- Computer software

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Semantic Web --- Ontology --- Knowledge representation (Information theory) --- Query languages (Computer science) --- Web sémantique --- Ontologie --- Représentation des connaissances --- Langages d'interrogation --- Congresses --- Congrès --- Telecommunications --- Computer Science --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Web sémantique --- Représentation des connaissances --- Congrès --- EPUB-LIV-FT SPRINGER-B --- QLSs (Computer science) --- Query language systems (Computer science) --- Computer science. --- Computer communication systems. --- Database management. --- Information storage and retrieval. --- User interfaces (Computer systems). --- Bioinformatics. --- Computer Science. --- Information Systems Applications (incl. Internet). --- Information Storage and Retrieval. --- Computer Communication Networks. --- Database Management. --- User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction. --- Bio-informatics --- Biological informatics --- Biology --- Information science --- Computational biology --- Systems biology --- Interfaces, User (Computer systems) --- Human-machine systems --- Human-computer interaction --- Data base management --- Data services (Database management) --- Database management services --- DBMS (Computer science) --- Generalized data management systems --- Services, Database management --- Systems, Database management --- Systems, Generalized database management --- Electronic data processing --- Communication systems, Computer --- Computer communication systems --- Data networks, Computer --- ECNs (Electronic communication networks) --- Electronic communication networks --- Networks, Computer --- Teleprocessing networks --- Data transmission systems --- Digital communications --- Electronic systems --- Information networks --- Telecommunication --- Cyberinfrastructure --- Network computers --- Informatics --- Science --- Data processing --- Distributed processing --- Programming languages (Electronic computers) --- Information storage and retrieva. --- Information storage and retrieval systems. --- Automatic data storage --- Automatic information retrieval --- Automation in documentation --- Computer-based information systems --- Data processing systems --- Data storage and retrieval systems --- Discovery systems, Information --- Information discovery systems --- Information processing systems --- Information retrieval systems --- Machine data storage and retrieval --- Mechanized information storage and retrieval systems --- Computer systems --- Electronic information resources --- Data libraries --- Digital libraries --- Information organization --- Information retrieval --- Application software. --- Application computer programs --- Application computer software --- Applications software --- Apps (Computer software) --- Computer software