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This study examines the socio-economic impact of special economic zones (SEZs) in Cambodia---a prominent place-based policy established in 2005. The paper employs a database on existing and future SEZs in Cambodia with matched household surveys at the district level and documents stylized facts on SEZs in a low-income country setting. To identify causal effects of the SEZ program, the paper (i) constructs an alternative control group including future SEZ program participants and districts adjacent to SEZ hosts; and (ii) employs a propensity score weighting technique. The study finds that entry of SEZs disproportionately benefits female workers and leads to a decline of income inequality at a district level. However, the findings also suggest that land values in SEZ districts tend to rise while wage levels remain largely unchanged relative to other districts. In addition, the paper tests for socio-economic spillovers to surrounding areas and for agglomeration effects associated with clusters of multiple SEZs.

Cambodia --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Women''s Studies' --- Taxation --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Economic Development: Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis --- Housing --- Infrastructure --- Industrial Policy --- Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics: Regional Migration --- Regional Labor Markets --- Population --- Regional Development Policy --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Education: General --- Economics of Gender --- Non-labor Discrimination --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Labour --- income economics --- Education --- Gender studies --- women & girls --- Public finance & taxation --- Income --- Income inequality --- Labor markets --- National accounts --- Women --- Gender --- Economic theory --- Income distribution --- Labor market --- Income economics --- Women & girls --- Women's Studies

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Grupo del Banco Mundial es una fuente vital de asistencia tecnica y financiera a los paises en desarrollo alrededor del mundo. Se concentra en ayudar a la gente mas pobre en los paises mas pobres mediante el uso de sus recursos financieros, personal y amplia experiencia para ayudar los paises a reducir la pobreza, incrementar el crecimiento economico y mejorar su calidad de vida. En alianza con mas de 100 paises en desarrollo, el Grupo del Banco se esfuerza en mejorar la educacion y la salud, combatir la corrupcion, estimular el apoyo agricola, construir vias y puertos y proteger el medio ambiente. Otros proyectos estan dirigidos a la reconstruccion de paises o regiones azotados por la guerra, ofrecer servicios basicos tales como acceso al agua limpia, y estimular inversiones que generen empleo. En adicion a este critico campo de trabajo alrededor del mundo, varias partes del Grupo del Banco Mundial estan involucradas en actividades que van desde el desarrollo de investigacion y analisis economicos hasta proveer servicios financieros y asesoria a los gobiernos y las empresas privadas. Estas actividades reflejan el enfasis que la institucion pone en compartir conocimiento sobre el desarrollo, el cual ha sido recolectado no solo a traves de decadas de su propia experiencia sino tambien a traves de la experiencia de los 185 miembros del Grupo del Banco-incluidos paises desarrollados yen desarrollo. Esta segunda edicion, revisada y actualizada, de Una guia del Banco Mundial ofrece una vision global accesible y directa de la historia del Grupo del Banco Mundial, su organizacion, mision y propositos. Adicionalmente, para aquellos que desean profundizar en aspectos de interes particular, el libro les guia hacia fuentes que contienen informacion mas detallada, incluyendo informes anuales, sitios de Internet, publicaciones, y direcciones de correo electronico de varios departamentos. Tambien ofrece informacion sobre como trabajar o realizar actividades de negocios con el Banco Mundial. Como una buena introduccion para cualquier persona interesada en entender lo que el Grupo del Banco Mundial hace y como lo hace, este libro les muestra a los lectores que desean aprender mas, donde pueden empezar.

Access To Bank --- Access To Capital --- Audit --- Audit Committee --- Spanish Translation

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Using individual level data on task composition at work for 30 advanced and emerging economies, we find that women, on average, perform more routine tasks than men?tasks that are more prone to automation. To quantify the impact on jobs, we relate data on task composition at work to occupation level estimates of probability of automation, controlling for a rich set of individual characteristics (e.g., education, age, literacy and numeracy skills). Our results indicate that female workers are at a significantly higher risk for displacement by automation than male workers, with 11 percent of the female workforce at high risk of being automated given the current state of technology, albeit with significant cross-country heterogeneity. The probability of automation is lower for younger cohorts of women, and for those in managerial positions.

Automation. --- Automatic factories --- Automatic production --- Computer control --- Engineering cybernetics --- Factories --- Industrial engineering --- Mechanization --- Assembly-line methods --- Automatic control --- Automatic machinery --- CAD/CAM systems --- Robotics --- Automation --- Women''s Studies' --- Gender Studies --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Economics of Gender --- Non-labor Discrimination --- Labor Demand --- Human Capital --- Skills --- Occupational Choice --- Labor Productivity --- Technological Change: Choices and Consequences --- Diffusion Processes --- Innovation --- Research and Development --- Technological Change --- Intellectual Property Rights: General --- Education: General --- Automatic control engineering --- Gender studies --- women & girls --- Social discrimination & equal treatment --- Technology --- general issues --- Education --- Women --- Gender inequality --- Gender --- Sex discrimination --- United States --- General issues --- Women & girls --- Women's Studies

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Lockdowns imposed around the world to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic are having a differential impact on economic activity and jobs. This paper presents a new index of the feasibility to work from home to investigate what types of jobs are most at risk. We estimate that over 97.3 million workers, equivalent to about 15 percent of the workforce, are at high risk of layoffs and furlough across the 35 advanced and emerging countries in our sample. Workers least likely to work remotely tend to be young, without a college education, working for non-standard contracts, employed in smaller firms, and those at the bottom of the earnings distribution, suggesting that the pandemic could exacerbate inequality. Crosscountry heterogeneity in the ability to work remotely reflects differential access to and use of technology, sectoral mix, and labor market selection. Policies should account for demographic and distributional considerations both during the crisis and in its aftermath.

Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Production --- Cost --- Capital and Total Factor Productivity --- Capacity --- Time Allocation and Labor Supply --- Geographic Labor Mobility --- Immigrant Workers --- Innovation --- Research and Development --- Technological Change --- Intellectual Property Rights: General --- Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity --- Other Production and Pricing Analysis --- Labor Economics: General --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Labour --- income economics --- Labor markets --- Labor economics --- Economic theory --- Labor market --- United States

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The paper extends the work of Deaton (2021) by exploring the period of post-crisis recovery in 2021-2024. The paper documents per-capita income divergence during the period of post-shock recovery, with countries at the bottom of the income distribution falling significantly behind. Findings suggest that higher COVID-19 vaccination rates and targeted virus containment measures are associated with faster recovery in per-capita incomes in the medium term. Evidence on the effectiveness of economic support policies for reducing cross-country income inequality, including fiscal and monetary policies, is mixed especially in the case of developing countries.

Macroeconomics --- Economics: General --- Diseases: Contagious --- Exports and Imports --- Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement --- Health: General --- Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development --- Measurement of Economic Growth --- Aggregate Productivity --- Cross-Country Output Convergence --- Health Behavior --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Trade: General --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Economics of specific sectors --- Infectious & contagious diseases --- International economics --- COVID-19 --- Health --- Income --- National accounts --- Income inequality --- Service exports --- International trade --- Currency crises --- Informal sector --- Economics --- Communicable diseases --- Income distribution --- Exports --- China, People's Republic of