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This book presents new methodologies for rating non-financial issuers and project ratings based on the BFO (Brusov-Filatova-Orekhova) theory of capital cost and structure, and its perpetuity limit (Modigliani-Miller theory), as well as modern investment models created by the authors. It first provides a critical analysis of the methodological and systemic shortcomings of the current credit ratings of non-financial issuers and project ratings. In order to increase the objectivity and accuracy of rating assessments, it then modifies the BFO theory for companies of arbitrary age as well as and the perpetuity limit (Modigliani-Miller theory) for rating needs. The authors also incorporate the financial indicators used in the rating methodology into both the BFO theory and the Modigliani-Miller theory. Within the framework of the modified BFO theory for rating needs, they then present a detailed study of the dependence of the weighted average cost of capital of WACC, used as the discount rate for discounting financial flows, on the financial ratios used in the rating, on the age of the company, on the leverage level and on the level of taxation for a wide range of values of equity cost and debt cost for companies of arbitrary age. This makes it possible to correctly assess of the discount rate, taking into account the values of financial ratios. The use of well-established corporate finance theories (BFO theory and its perpetuity limit) opens up new horizons in the rating industry, providing an opportunity to switch from mainly qualitative methods for determining the creditworthiness of issuers to mainly quantitative methods in rating, and as such improving the quality and accuracy of rating scores.

Business enterprises—Finance. --- Bank marketing. --- Capital market. --- Business Finance. --- Financial Services. --- Capital Markets. --- Capital markets --- Market, Capital --- Finance --- Financial institutions --- Loans --- Money market --- Securities --- Crowding out (Economics) --- Efficient market theory --- Banks and banking --- Marketing of bank services --- Marketing of banking services --- Marketing --- Business enterprises --- Corporations --- Finance. --- Business finance --- Capitalization (Finance) --- Corporate finance --- Corporate financial management --- Corporation finance --- Financial analysis of corporations --- Financial management, Corporate --- Financial management of corporations --- Financial planning of corporations --- Managerial finance --- Going public (Securities) --- Business financial management --- Financial analysis of business enterprises --- Financial management, Business --- Financial management of business enterprises --- Financial planning of business enterprises

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• Reference Manager
• EndNote
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The book introduces and discusses the modern theory of the cost of capital and capital structure - the BFO theory (Brusov-Filatova-Orekhova theory), which is valid for companies of arbitrary age and which replaced the theory of Nobel laureates Modigliani and Miller. The theory takes into account the conditions faced by companies operating in the real economy, such as revenue fluctuations; the arbitrary frequency of tax on profit payments (monthly, quarterly, semi-annual or annual payments), both for advance income tax payments and for payments at the end of the respective period; and the arbitrary frequency of interest on loans payments. The impact of these conditions on the company value, on the cost of raising capital, on the company's dividend policy and managerial decisions are discussed. The book subsequently develops new applications of the BFO theory in several areas such as corporate finance, corporate governance, investments, taxation, business valuations and ratings. .

Business enterprises—Finance. --- Business enterprises—Taxation. --- Business tax—Law and legislation. --- Financial services industry. --- Capital market. --- Corporate Finance. --- Business Taxation and Tax Law. --- Financial Services. --- Capital Markets. --- Capital markets --- Market, Capital --- Finance --- Financial institutions --- Loans --- Money market --- Securities --- Crowding out (Economics) --- Efficient market theory --- Services, Financial --- Service industries --- Capital. --- Corporations --- Investments. --- Taxation. --- Finance. --- Economics --- Business & Economics