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The vast majority of all email sent every day is spam, a variety of idiosyncratically spelled requests to provide account information, invitations to spend money on dubious products, and pleas to send cash overseas. Most of it is caught by filters before ever reaching an in-box. Where does it come from? As Finn Brunton explains in Spam, it is produced and shaped by many different populations around the world: programmers, con artists, bots and their botmasters, pharmaceutical merchants, marketers, identity thieves, crooked bankers and their victims, cops, lawyers, network security professionals, vigilantes, and hackers. Every time we go online, we participate in the system of spam, with choices, refusals, and purchases the consequences of which we may not understand. This is a book about what spam is, how it works, and what it means. Brunton provides a cultural history that stretches from pranks on early computer networks to the construction of a global criminal infrastructure. The history of spam, Brunton shows us, is a shadow history of the Internet itself, with spam emerging as the mirror image of the online communities it targets. Brunton traces spam through three epochs: the 1970s to 1995, and the early, noncommercial computer networks that became the Internet; 1995 to 2003, with the dot-com boom, the rise of spam's entrepreneurs, and the first efforts at regulating spam; and 2003 to the present, with the war of algorithms -- spam versus anti-spam. Spam shows us how technologies, from email to search engines, are transformed by unintended consequences and adaptations, and how online communities develop and invent governance for themselves.

Spam (Electronic mail) --- Pourriels --- History --- Histoire --- E-books --- Electronic mail messages. --- E-mail correspondence --- E-mail messages --- Email correspondence --- Email messages --- Telematics --- Electronic junk mail --- Junk electronic mail --- Spamming (Electronic mail) --- Unsolicited electronic mail messages --- Unwanted electronic mail --- Electronic mail messages --- History. --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/Internet Studies --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/General --- SOCIAL SCIENCES/Media Studies

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The fascinating untold story of digital cash and its creators-from experiments in the 1970s to the mania over Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. Bitcoin may appear to be a revolutionary form of digital cash without precedent or prehistory. In fact, it is only the best-known recent experiment in a long line of similar efforts going back to the 1970s. But the story behind cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and its blockchain technology has largely been untold-until now. In Digital Cash, Finn Brunton reveals how technological utopians and political radicals created experimental money to bring about their visions of the future: protecting privacy or bringing down governments, preparing for apocalypse or launching a civilization of innovation and abundance that would make its creators immortal. The incredible story of the pioneers of cryptocurrency takes us from autonomous zones on the high seas to the world's most valuable dump, from bank runs to idea coupons, from time travelers in a San Francisco bar to the pattern securing every twenty-dollar bill, and from marketplaces for dangerous secrets to a tank of frozen heads awaiting revival in the far future. Along the way, Digital Cash explores the hard questions and challenges that these innovators faced: How do we learn to trust and use different kinds of money? What makes digital objects valuable? How does currency prove itself as real to us? What would it take to make a digital equivalent to cash, something that could be created but not forged, exchanged but not copied, and which reveals nothing about its users?Filled with marvelous characters, stories, and ideas, Digital Cash is an engaging and accessible account of the strange origins and remarkable technologies behind today's cryptocurrency explosion.

Cryptocurrencies --- Money. Monetary policy --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- 333.400 --- Crypto coins --- Cryptocoins --- Digital currency --- Geldwezen: algemeenheden --- Digital currency. --- Cryptocurrencies.

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Today, communication unfolds merely between two or more conscious entities but oftenincludes an invisible third party. Inspired by this drastic shift, this volume uncovers new meanings of what it means 'to communicate'.

Digital media.

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Dans ce monde de la sélection par des algorithmes, de la publicité ciblée et du marché des données personnelles, rester maîtres de nos actions, de nos relations, de nos goûts, de nos navigations et de nos requêtes implique d'aller au delà de la longue tradition de l'art du camouflage. Si on peut difficilement échapper à la surveillance numérique, ou effacer ses données, il est toujours possible de noyer nos traces parmi de multiples semblables, de créer nous-mêmes un brouillard d'interactions factices. Quels en sont alors les enjeux et les conséquences ? Finn Brunton et Helen Nissenbaum ayant constaté l'asymétrie de pouvoir et d'information entre usagers et plateformes dressent le bilan, proposent des actions et prennent le temps de la réflexion : pourquoi et comment reconquérir son autonomie personnelle ? Comment résister éthiquement avec les armes du faible ? Comment réfléchir ensemble à ce que l'obfuscation nous fait découvrir sur l'influence mentale exercée par les puissants du numérique ?

Privacy, Right of --- Information technology --- Information policy --- Droit à la vie privée. --- Technologie de l'information. --- Société numérique. --- Privacy, Right of. --- Information technology. --- Information society.