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The book presents an integrative review of paleoneurology, the study of endocranial morphology in fossil species. The main focus is on showing how computed methods can be used to support advances in evolutionary neuroanatomy, paleoanthropology and archaeology, and how they have contributed to creating a completely new perspective in cognitive neuroscience. Moreover, thanks to its multidisciplinary approach, the book addresses students and researchers approaching human paleoneurology from different angles and for different purposes, such as biologists, physicians, anthropologists, archaeologists and computer scientists. The individual chapters, written by international experts, represent authoritative reviews of the most important topics in the field. All the concepts are presented in an easy-to-understand style, making them accessible to university students, newcomers and also to anyone interested in understanding how methods like biomedical imaging, digital anatomy, and computed and multivariate morphometrics can be used for analyzing ontogenetic and phylogenetic changes according to the principles of functional morphology, morphological integration, and modularity.

Engineering. --- Computational Intelligence. --- Neurosciences. --- Anthropology. --- Biomedical Engineering. --- Anatomy. --- Computational Biology/Bioinformatics. --- Human anatomy. --- Bioinformatics. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Ingénierie --- Neurosciences --- Anatomie humaine --- Bio-informatique --- Génie biomédical --- Anthropologie --- Computational intelligence. --- Social sciences. --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Computer Science --- Paleoanthropology. --- Paleobiology. --- Palaeobiology --- Human paleontology --- Biology --- Paleontology --- Anthropology, Prehistoric --- Physical anthropology --- Fossil hominids --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Bio-informatics --- Biological informatics --- Information science --- Computational biology --- Systems biology --- Anatomy, Human --- Anatomy --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Human body --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Medicine --- Human beings --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Nervous system --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Data processing --- Intelligence, Computational --- Artificial intelligence --- Soft computing --- Primitive societies --- Social sciences

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This book is dedicated to a specific component of paleoneurology, probably the most essential one: endocasts. A series of original papers collected here focuses on describing methods and techniques that are dedicated to reconstruct and study fossil endocasts through computed tools. The book is particularly oriented toward hominid paleoneurology, although it also includes chapters on different taxa to provide a more general view of current perspectives and problems in evolutionary neuroanatomy. The first part of the book concerns techniques and tools to cast endocranial anatomy. The second part deals with computed morphometrics, and the third part is devoted to comparative neurobiology. Those who want to approach the field in general terms will find this book especially helpful, as will those researchers working with endocranial anatomy and brain evolution. The book will also be useful for researchers and graduate students in anthropology, bioarchaeology, medicine, and related fields.

Brain --- Evolution. --- Anthropology. --- Archaeology. --- Human anatomy. --- Neurology. --- Anatomy. --- Medicine --- Nervous system --- Neuropsychiatry --- Anatomy, Human --- Anatomy --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Human body --- Archeology --- Anthropology --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- History --- Antiquities --- Human beings --- Diseases --- Neurology . --- Primitive societies --- Social sciences

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