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The idea of this volume took shape within a group of scholars working on the history of science in Asia. Despite the great differences in time, locations and disciplines between our respective fields of research, we all faced similar situations: among the huge mass of written documents available to historians and that were eventually taken as sources in the historiography of science, some had been well studied while others had been dismissed or ignored. This observation will seem obvious to historians, whose daily work consists in shaping corpuses to raise new questions. The diagnosis has long been established that such selections related to the historians' agenda and thereby reflected the ways in which historiography somehow belonged to its time. Yet, it appeared to us that this diagnosis was insufficient and that the selective consideration of source material was also at least partly related to mechanisms of selection that occurred upstream from the historian's classical work of shaping a corpus. Therefore, we came to the idea that, in order to write, or to rewrite, chapters in the history of science, historians may benefit from relying on a critical analysis of the factors that, along history, shaped the documents that have become their sources or the collections from which they constitute their corpuses. It is to the development of such a branch of critical analysis in the history of science, to its methods and to its benefits to be illustrated in carefully chosen case studies , that we suggest to devote a collective research and a book. We want to inquire into how the corpuses we form incorporate long sequences of selections and reorganizations that took place in history and that must be brought to light if we do not want various types of actors of the past to carve their choices and conceptions into our questions and conclusions.
Philosophy of science --- Asia --- Science --- Natural science --- Natural sciences --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Historiography --- History&delete& --- Sources --- History
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The idea of this volume took shape within a group of scholars working on the history of science in Asia. Despite the great differences in time, locations and disciplines between our respective fields of research, we all faced similar situations: among the huge mass of written documents available to historians and that were eventually taken as sources in the historiography of science, some had been well studied while others had been dismissed or ignored. This observation will seem obvious to historians, whose daily work consists in shaping corpuses to raise new questions. The diagnosis has long been established that such selections related to the historians’ agenda and thereby reflected the ways in which historiography somehow belonged to its time. Yet, it appeared to us that this diagnosis was insufficient and that the selective consideration of source material was also at least partly related to mechanisms of selection that occurred upstream from the historian’s classical work of shaping a corpus. Therefore, we came to the idea that, in order to write, or to rewrite, chapters in the history of science, historians may benefit from relying on a critical analysis of the factors that, along history, shaped the documents that have become their sources or the collections from which they constitute their corpuses. It is to the development of such a branch of critical analysis in the history of science, to its methods and to its benefits —to be illustrated in carefully chosen case studies—, that we suggest to devote a collective research and a book. We want to inquire into how the corpuses we form incorporate long sequences of selections and reorganizations that took place in history and that must be brought to light if we do not want various types of actors of the past to carve their choices and conceptions into our questions and conclusions.
Science -- Asia -- Historiography. --- Science -- Asia -- History -- Sources. --- Science --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- History & Archaeology --- Sciences - General --- History - General --- History --- Sources --- Historiography --- Historiography. --- History. --- Cultural heritage. --- Library science. --- History of Science. --- History, general. --- Cultural Heritage. --- Library Science. --- Natural science --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Librarianship --- Library economy --- Bibliography --- Documentation --- Information science --- Cultural heritage --- Cultural patrimony --- Cultural resources --- Heritage property --- National heritage --- National patrimony --- National treasure --- Patrimony, Cultural --- Treasure, National --- Property --- World Heritage areas --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Asien.
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The idea of this volume took shape within a group of scholars working on the history of science in Asia. Despite the great differences in time, locations and disciplines between our respective fields of research, we all faced similar situations: among the huge mass of written documents available to historians and that were eventually taken as sources in the historiography of science, some had been well studied while others had been dismissed or ignored. This observation will seem obvious to historians, whose daily work consists in shaping corpuses to raise new questions. The diagnosis has long been established that such selections related to the historians’ agenda and thereby reflected the ways in which historiography somehow belonged to its time. Yet, it appeared to us that this diagnosis was insufficient and that the selective consideration of source material was also at least partly related to mechanisms of selection that occurred upstream from the historian’s classical work of shaping a corpus. Therefore, we came to the idea that, in order to write, or to rewrite, chapters in the history of science, historians may benefit from relying on a critical analysis of the factors that, along history, shaped the documents that have become their sources or the collections from which they constitute their corpuses. It is to the development of such a branch of critical analysis in the history of science, to its methods and to its benefits —to be illustrated in carefully chosen case studies—, that we suggest to devote a collective research and a book. We want to inquire into how the corpuses we form incorporate long sequences of selections and reorganizations that took place in history and that must be brought to light if we do not want various types of actors of the past to carve their choices and conceptions into our questions and conclusions.
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This book starts from a first general observation: there are very diverse ways to frame and convey scientific knowledge in texts. It then analyzes texts on mathematics, astronomy, medicine and life sciences, produced in various parts of the globe and in different time periods, and examines the reasons behind the segmentation of texts and the consequences of such textual divisions. How can historians and philosophers of science approach this diversity, and what is at stake in dealing with it? The book addresses these questions, adopting a specific approach do to so. In order to shed light on the diversity of organizational patterns and rhetorical strategies in scientific texts, and to question the rationale behind the choices made to present such texts in one particular way, it focuses on the issue of text segmentation, offering answers to questions such as: Why was the meaning of segmenting texts into paragraphs, chapters, sections and clusters? Was segmentation used to delimit self-contained units, or to mark breaks in the physical appearance of a text in order to aid reading and memorizing, or to cope with the constraints of the material supports? How, in these different settings and in different texts, were pieces and parts made visible?
Science --- History. --- Genetic epistemology. --- Printing. --- History of Science. --- Humanities and Social Sciences, multidisciplinary. --- Epistemology. --- History of Mathematical Sciences. --- Linguistics, general. --- Printing and Publishing. --- Printing, Practical --- Typography --- Graphic arts --- Developmental psychology --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Mathematics. --- Linguistics. --- Publishers and publishing. --- Book publishing --- Books --- Book industries and trade --- Booksellers and bookselling --- Linguistic science --- Science of language --- Language and languages --- Math --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Publishing --- Knowledge, Theory of.
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This book starts from a first general observation: there are very diverse ways to frame and convey scientific knowledge in texts. It then analyzes texts on mathematics, astronomy, medicine and life sciences, produced in various parts of the globe and in different time periods, and examines the reasons behind the segmentation of texts and the consequences of such textual divisions. How can historians and philosophers of science approach this diversity, and what is at stake in dealing with it? The book addresses these questions, adopting a specific approach do to so. In order to shed light on the diversity of organizational patterns and rhetorical strategies in scientific texts, and to question the rationale behind the choices made to present such texts in one particular way, it focuses on the issue of text segmentation, offering answers to questions such as: Why was the meaning of segmenting texts into paragraphs, chapters, sections and clusters? Was segmentation used to delimit self-contained units, or to mark breaks in the physical appearance of a text in order to aid reading and memorizing, or to cope with the constraints of the material supports? How, in these different settings and in different texts, were pieces and parts made visible?
Human sciences (algemeen) --- Theory of knowledge --- Logic --- Pure sciences. Natural sciences (general) --- Mathematics --- Graphics industry --- Linguistics --- History --- drukkerijen --- wetenschapsgeschiedenis --- geschiedenis --- epistomologie --- linguïstiek --- cultuurwetenschap --- kennisleer --- wiskunde --- drukken
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En Chine du Sud, les provinces du Yunnan, du Guangxi et du Guangdong sont depuis toujours entachées d’une mauvaise réputation sanitaire. À la fin du XIXe siècle, l’arrivée de médecins occidentaux, pasteuriens convaincus, va modifier notre connaissance de la santé en Chine. Ces praticiens, munis de microscopes et capables d’utiliser dans leur diagnostic une sémiologie nouvelle, identifient quelques pathologies et de grandes épidémies. Mais en essayant de traiter ou d’hospitaliser la population locale, ils modifient également les pratiques de santé. Au contact de ces médecins, qui restent dépourvus d’autorité officielle à l’égard de la population chinoise, le gouvernement des Qing met sur pied une police sanitaire, première autorité publique moderne à se voir confiée la santé de la nation chinoise. Là où les médecins occidentaux s’activent à soigner et à former la population, des notables et des riches marchands chinois établissent des structures charitables concurrentes qui diffusent notions et techniques occidentales de santé. Parallèlement, pour lutter contre l’influence étrangère, les médecins traditionnels s’efforcent d’unifier leurs savoirs et de s’organiser dans le cadre d’une véritable profession. Sous la triple impulsion des médecins occidentaux, de l’Etat et des élites locales, les pratiques individuelles de santé évoluent. Vers la fin des années 1920, et dans les villes ouvertes à l’étranger, si la médecine traditionnelle, la religion et la magie persistent, le recours à la médecine occidentale s’est élargi à toutes les classes de la population pour des pathologies de plus en plus variées. Grâce à l’exploitation systématique des archives sanitaires coloniales françaises, combinée à celle des « chroniques locales » chinoises rédigées aux XIXe et XXe siècles, l’auteur montre comment la multiplicité des références et des pratiques médicales a favorisé l’adoption de modèles thérapeutiques étrangers.
Medicine --- Médecine --- History --- Histoire --- History of Medicine - Public Health - South China - Late 19th-20th centuries. --- Public health --- S21/0500 --- Community health --- Health services --- Hygiene, Public --- Hygiene, Social --- Public health services --- Public hygiene --- Social hygiene --- Health --- Human services --- Biosecurity --- Health literacy --- Medicine, Preventive --- National health services --- Sanitation --- Health Workforce --- China: Medicine, public health and food--Public health, hospitals, medical schools, etc --- croyance --- maladie --- médecine --- prévention
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This book has been defined around three important issues: the first sheds light on how people, in various philosophical, religious, and political contexts, understand the natural environment, and how the relationship between the environment and the body is perceived; the second focuses on the perceptions that a particular natural environment is good or bad for human health and examines the reasons behind such characterizations ; the third examines the promotion, in history, of specific practices to take advantage of the health benefits, or avoid the harm, caused by certain environments and also efforts made to change environments supposed to be harmful to human health. The feeling and/or the observation that the natural environment can have effects on human health have been, and are still commonly shared throughout the world. This led us to raise the issue of the links observed and believed to exist between human beings and the natural environment in a broad chronological and geographical framework. In this investigation, we bring the reader from ancient and late imperial China to the medieval Arab world up to medieval, modern, and contemporary Europe. This book does not examine these relationships through the prism of the knowledge of our modern contemporary European experience, which, still too often, leads to the feeling of totally different worlds. Rather, it questions protagonists who, in different times and in different places, have reflected, on their own terms, on the links between environment and health and tries to obtain a better understanding of why these links took the form they did in these precise contexts. This book targets an academic readership as well as an “informed audience”, for whom present issues of environment and health can be nourished by the reflections of the past.
Environmental health. --- Environmental quality --- Health --- Health ecology --- Public health --- Environmental engineering --- Health risk assessment --- Health aspects --- Environmental aspects --- History. --- World history. --- Philosophy and science. --- Medicine—History. --- Regional planning. --- Urban planning. --- History of Science. --- World History, Global and Transnational History. --- Philosophy of Science. --- History of Medicine. --- Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning. --- Cities and towns --- City planning --- Civic planning --- Land use, Urban --- Model cities --- Redevelopment, Urban --- Slum clearance --- Town planning --- Urban design --- Urban development --- Urban planning --- Land use --- Planning --- Art, Municipal --- Civic improvement --- Regional planning --- Urban policy --- Urban renewal --- Regional development --- State planning --- Human settlements --- Landscape protection --- Science and philosophy --- Science --- Universal history --- History --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Government policy --- Management
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Philosophy of science --- Sociology of health --- World history --- Arab states --- Europe --- China --- North America
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