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Opportunity Denied is the first comprehensive look at changes in race, gender, and women's work across time, comparing the labor force experiences of Black women to White women, Black men and White men. From free Black women in 1860 to Black women in 2008, the experience of discrimination in seeking and keeping a job has been determinedly constant. Branch focuses on occupational segregation before 1970 and situates the findings of contemporary studies in a broad historical context, illustrating how inequality can grow and become entrenched over time through the institution of wo
African American women -- Employment -- History. --- Discrimination in employment -- History. --- Sex discrimination against women -- History. --- African American women --- Sex discrimination against women --- Discrimination in employment --- Business & Economics --- Labor & Workers' Economics --- Employment --- History --- History. --- Bias, Job --- Employment discrimination --- Equal employment opportunity --- Equal opportunity in employment --- Fair employment practice --- Job bias --- Job discrimination --- Race discrimination in employment --- Afro-American women --- Women, African American --- Women, Negro --- Employment (Economic theory) --- Women --- Employment&delete& --- E-books --- Affirmative action programs
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This book illustrates the importance of focusing on the choices, constraints, and agency of women in science to understand which women, under what conditions, with what tools, successfully manage to navigate science or leave the discipline. The chapters in this volume apply the metaphor of the road to a variety of fields and moments that are characterized as exits, pathways, and potholes, which refocuses our attention on the challenges posed by and the conditions of scientific careers.
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"Black and White Americans have responded to increasing economic insecurity in very different ways, reconciling their economic realities within distinctly racialized conceptions of meritocracy and the American dream. Americans in all racial groups often put faith in education as the key to upward mobility. But as education provides less and less job and financial security, Black and White men and women are forced to navigate a contradictory ideological constellation where education is still seen as the great equalizer and lynchpin of equal opportunity but where evidence shows that education does not ultimately ameliorate the inequalities they are trying to overcome. For historical reasons, Black and White workers respond to the levels of insecurity in their lives in ways that diverge according to their racial group, and the rise of insecure work has also changed the way Black and White men and women draw on conceptions of race and gender-their own, others'-to make sense of who deserves security. This book highlights the divergence in the narratives that Black and White Americans use to explain their misfortunes and those of others, because the stories people tell matter. By shining a light on the way these stories have influenced people's responses to their struggles, this book offers a possibility for change. It shows that the way people interpret insecurity, inequality, and uncertainty is not merely due to economic misfortune but the result of political choices in the face of the legacies of historical inequality"--
Working class --- United States --- Economic conditions --- Social conditions
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