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This book is the outcome of 25 years of research on how to model and use context in real-world applications on a spectrum from technology-centered (SEPT, SART) to human-centered (e.g. FlexMIm) applications, that is, from well-defined domains to more fuzzy ones. It presents: · an operational definition of context that initiated a conceptual framework associated with an implementation framework, the Contextual-Graphs (CxG) formalism · the use of the research for designing a future type of AI systems, namely the context-based intelligent assistant systems There is a large international and interdisciplinary community of individuals convinced by the promises of bottom-up approaches as an alternative to the current top-down approaches in AI mainly. Practitioners will discover a tool easy to understand and use. Researchers will dispose of a comprehensive conceptual framework facilitating its extension on aspects not yet covered beyond group activity modeling, in the realm of the research on AI systems.

Artificial intelligence. --- Computer simulation. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Computer Modelling. --- Computer modeling --- Computer models --- Modeling, Computer --- Models, Computer --- Simulation, Computer --- Electromechanical analogies --- Mathematical models --- Simulation methods --- Model-integrated computing --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers

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This volume explores how context has been and can be used in computing to model human behaviors, actions and communications as well as to manage data and knowledge. It addresses context management and exploitation of context for sharing experience across domains. The book serves as a user-centric guide for readers wishing to develop context-based applications, as well as an intellectual reference on the concept of context. It provides a broad yet deep treatment of context in computing and related areas that depend heavily on computing. The coverage is broad because of its cross-disciplinary nature but treats topics at a sufficient depth to permit a reader to implement context in his/her computational endeavors. The volume addresses how context can be integrated in software and systems and how it can be used in a computing environment. Furthermore, the use of context to represent the human dimension, individually as well as collectively is explained. Contributions also include descriptions of how context has been represented in formal as well as non-formal, structured approaches. The last section describes several human behavior representation paradigms based on the concept of context as its central representational element. The depth and breadth of this content is certain to provide useful as well as intellectually enriching information to readers of diverse backgrounds who have an interest in or are intrigued by using context to assist in their representation of the real world.

Computer simulation. --- Computer modeling --- Computer models --- Modeling, Computer --- Models, Computer --- Simulation, Computer --- Electromechanical analogies --- Mathematical models --- Simulation methods --- Model-integrated computing --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computer science. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction. --- Simulation and Modeling. --- Informatics --- Science --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- User interfaces (Computer systems). --- Interfaces, User (Computer systems) --- Human-machine systems --- Human-computer interaction

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Introductory Note Frada Burstein, Patrick Brézillon and Arkady Zaslavsky Theme I: Theories of Real-Time Decision Support Challenges of Real-Time Decision Support Daniel J. Power Improvisation of Model for Real-Time Decision Making Eric W. Stein Theme II: Tools and Technologies for Context-aware Real-Time Decision Support Context Prediction in Pervasive Computing Systems: Achievements and Challenges Andrey Boytsov and Arkady Zaslavsky A Contextual Menthodology for Modelling Real-Time Decision Making Support Patrick Brézillon Towards Real-Time Context Awareness for Mobile Users: A Declarative Meta-Programming Approach Seng W. Loke The Role of Context for Crisis Management Cycle Florence Aligne and Juliette Mattioli The Contextual and Collaborative Dimensions of Avatar in Real-Time Decision Making Norita Ahmad and Reza Barkhi Theme III: Case Studies Beyond Rationality: Information Design for Supporting Emergent Groups in Emergency Response Tung Bui and Ina Sebastian Dynamic Emergency Response Management for Large Scale Decision Making in Extreme Hazardous Events Murray Turoff, Connie White and Linda Plotnick Partially Distributed Emergency Teams: Considerations of Decision Support for Virtual Communities of Practice Linda Plotnick, Murray Turoff and Connie White Why Real-Time Transaction Processing Fails to Capture the Context Required for Decision Support Fergal Carton, Frederic Adam and Patrick Brézillon Continuous Auditing as a Foundation for Real Time Decision Support: Implementation Challenges and Successes Robert Baksa and Murray Turoff Towards a “Just-in-Time” Distributed Decision Support System in Health Care Research Ziad Kobti, Anne W. Snowdon, Robert D. Kent, Gokul Bhandari, Shamual F. Rahaman, Paul D. Preney, Carol A. Kolga, Barbara Tiessen and Lichun Zhu Context Modelling in Time Critical decision Support for Medical Triage Shane Grigsby, Frada Burstein and Nyree Parker Efficient Context Prediction for Decision Making in Pervasive Health Care Environments: A Case Study Yves Vanrompay and Yolande Berbers On-demand Assistance in Handling Ammunition: Development of a Mobile Ammo DSS Supavich Pengnate, Ramesh Sharda, David Biros, Michael Hass and Upton Shimp Development of a Mobile Situation Awareness Tool Supporting Disaster Recovery of Business Operations Pedro Antunes, Claudio Sapateiro, Gustavo Zurita and Nelson Baloian.

Informations systems. --- Real-time data processing. --- Management --- Business & Economics --- Management Theory --- Decision support systems. --- Decision making. --- Operations research. --- Operational analysis --- Operational research --- Fast-response data processing --- High-speed data processing --- Deciding --- Decision (Psychology) --- Decision analysis --- Decision processes --- Making decisions --- Management decisions --- Decision making --- Business. --- Information technology. --- Business --- Computers. --- Management information systems. --- Computer science. --- Business and Management. --- Operation Research/Decision Theory. --- IT in Business. --- Information Systems and Communication Service. --- Management of Computing and Information Systems. --- Data processing. --- Industrial engineering --- Management science --- Research --- System theory --- Choice (Psychology) --- Problem solving --- Electronic data processing --- Management information systems --- Telematics --- Information systems. --- Information Systems. --- Operations Research/Decision Theory. --- IT (Information technology) --- Technology --- Information superhighway --- Knowledge management --- Business—Data processing. --- Informatics --- Science --- Computer-based information systems --- EIS (Information systems) --- Executive information systems --- MIS (Information systems) --- Sociotechnical systems --- Information resources management --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic brains --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Machine theory --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Communication systems --- Business information services. --- Computer networks. --- Operations Research and Decision Theory. --- Computer Communication Networks. --- IT Operations. --- Management. --- Communication systems, Computer --- Computer communication systems --- Data networks, Computer --- ECNs (Electronic communication networks) --- Electronic communication networks --- Networks, Computer --- Teleprocessing networks --- Data transmission systems --- Digital communications --- Electronic systems --- Information networks --- Telecommunication --- Cyberinfrastructure --- Network computers --- Business enterprises --- Information services --- Distributed processing

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Operational research. Game theory --- Information systems --- Computer. Automation --- ICT (informatie- en communicatietechnieken) --- bedrijfseconomie --- informatiesystemen --- speltheorie --- operationeel onderzoek --- informatica management