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Egypt --- Egypte --- History --- Histoire --- História do egito. --- Civilização egípcia. --- Geschichte 332 v. Chr.-642. --- Ägypten (Altertum) --- Civilization --- Ägypten (Altertum). --- Égypte --- Civilisation --- 332 av. J.-C.-640

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Excavations (Archaeology) --- Inscriptions, Latin --- Wooden tablets --- Romans --- Fouilles (Archéologie) --- Inscriptions latines --- Tablettes en bois --- Romains --- Vindolanda tablets. --- Chesterholme (England) --- Vindolanda Site (Chesterholme, England) --- Chesterholme (Angleterre) --- Vindolanda, Site de (Chesterholme, Angleterre) --- Antiquities, Roman --- Antiquités romaines --- Fouilles (Archéologie) --- Antiquités romaines --- Ethnology --- Italic peoples --- Latini (Italic people) --- Archaeological digs --- Archaeological excavations --- Digs (Archaeology) --- Excavation sites (Archaeology) --- Ruins --- Sites, Excavation (Archaeology) --- Archaeology --- Latin inscriptions --- Latin language --- Latin philology --- Tablets (Paleography) --- Vindolanda Site (Chesterholme, Northumberland) --- England --- Chesterholm (England) --- Chesterholme (Northumberland) --- Antiquities, Roman. --- Antiquities

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Greetings, I ask that you send the things which I need for the use of my boys . . . which you well know I cannot properly get hold of here . . . --A Roman soldier on the frontier of England around AD 100 Over three hundred letters and documents were recently discovered at the fort of Vindolanda, in Northern England, written on wooden tablets which have survived nearly 2,000 years. Painstakingly deciphered by Alan Bowman, the materials contribute a wealth of evidence for daily life in the Roman Empire. Military documents testify to the lifestyle of officers and soldiers stationed at Vindolanda,

Excavations (Archaeology) --- Fortification, Roman --- Frontier and pioneer life --- Hadrian's Wall (England). --- Inscriptions, Latin --- Romans --- Tablets (Paleography). --- Wooden tablets --- Vindolanda tablets. --- Vindolanda Site (Chesterholme, England). --- Great Britain --- Chesterholme (England) --- History, Military --- Antiquities, Roman. --- Tablets (Paleography) --- Waxen tablets --- Writing tablets --- Diptychs --- Inscriptions --- Paleography --- Writing materials and instruments --- Ethnology --- Italic peoples --- Latini (Italic people) --- Latin inscriptions --- Latin language --- Latin philology --- Roman fortification --- Architecture, Roman --- Classical antiquities --- Archaeological digs --- Archaeological excavations --- Digs (Archaeology) --- Excavation sites (Archaeology) --- Ruins --- Sites, Excavation (Archaeology) --- Archaeology --- Border life --- Homesteading --- Pioneer life --- Adventure and adventurers --- Manners and customs --- Pioneers --- History --- Vindolanda Site (Chesterholme, England) --- Hadrian's Wall (England) --- Vindolanda Site (Chesterholme, Northumberland) --- England --- Chesterholm (England) --- Chesterholme (Northumberland) --- Vallum (England) --- Wall of Hadrian (England) --- Antiquities --- Vindolanda tablets --- Römerzeit --- Schriftlichkeit --- Schreibtafel --- Tafel --- Literacy --- Literalität --- Schriftkultur --- Schriftliche Überlieferung --- Verschriftlichung --- Schreiben --- Schriftliche Kommunikation --- Römische Zeit --- Antike --- Römisches Reich --- v753-500 --- Geschichte 85-122 --- Vindolanda

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Graphic arts

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Volume 1 describes the kinds of documents that are written in Latin cursive script and tabulates the main published collections and individual items of texts in cursive script from across the Roman world, ranging in provenance from northern England to Africa, Egypt and Syria. The types of cursive script, conventionally labelled Old Roman Cursive (1st-3rd centuries) and New Roman Cursive (from the 3rd century) are illustrated, with layout of different kinds of documents, tables of letter forms and the most important abbreviations, signs and conventions. This makes important contributions to our knowledge of the origins and early history of Roman cursive as well as the long-standing debate among palaeographers about how and why the essential character of the scripts underwent obvious technical and stylistic changes in the course of the third century CE. A practice-based approach to the subject examines the evidence for the ways in which people may have learnt to read and write cursive in antiquity and the implications for the spread of literacy. For the modern reader, it provides a step-by-step guide to deciphering and interpreting Roman cursive texts, including video tutorials. Finally, it offers an exploration through text and video of the technologies of the digital age, including multispectral analysis and Reflectance Transformation Imaging, which have been pioneered at the Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents since the 1990s and have greatly improved the image-capturing techniques and the visibility of damaged documents written on wood, papyrus and various metals.

Writing --- Ability testing.