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Do the politicians actually take decisions, or rather the experts do it in their place? In other words, it is a matter of understanding whether the political stakeholders/representatives simply approve the final stage of a decision procedure led by the experts they have delegated, since they lack cognitive skills or because the experts do not try enough to explicit potentials and risks involved. Here lays the possible loss of democratic legitimacy in the decision-making process. This brings into question the responsibility of a ruling class to which the political representatives and secondarily the experts belong. This book analyses the interplay of these different actors in the political relations among States since the 1960s: this interaction capability becomes a key factor for the international accountability of a country, and above all for the democratic reliability of its decision-making process. Then we have to consider the role of the organized civil society. In that way, expertise provides the basis for the mediation among the States, and then expertise goes for the legitimacy of power practices in all parties engaged, and in the decision-making process inside the democratic arenas. --

Experte --- Technik --- Politische Entscheidung --- Naturwissenschaften --- Expertise --- Geschichte 1960-2018 --- Europa --- Conseillers scientifiques --- Science consultants --- Décision politique --- Political science --- Actes de congrès. --- History --- Decision making --- Décision politique --- Technology and state --- Science and state --- Democracy and science. --- Technology and state - Europe. --- Science and state - Europe.

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Do the politicians actually take decisions, or rather the experts do it in their place? In other words, it is a matter of understanding whether the political stakeholders/representatives simply approve the final stage of a decision procedure led by the experts they have delegated, since they lack cognitive skills or because the experts do not try enough to explicit potentials and risks involved. Here lays the possible loss of democratic legitimacy in the decision-making process. This brings into question the responsibility of a ruling class to which the political representatives and secondarily the experts belong. This book analyses the interplay of these different actors in the political relations among States since the 1960s: this interaction capability becomes a key factor for the international accountability of a country, and above all for the democratic reliability of its decision-making process. Then we have to consider the role of the organized civil society. In that way, expertise provides the basis for the mediation among the States, and then expertise goes for the legitimacy of power practices in all parties engaged, and in the decision-making process inside the democratic arenas.

Technology and state --- State governments and international relations. --- Globalization.

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Youth --- Jeunesse --- Political activity --- History --- Congresses --- Activité politique --- Histoire --- Congrès

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Le centre en France relève de définitions en creux. Les termes “juste milieu”, “marais”, “entre-deux” ont une connotation négative. La culture politique française ne reconnaît pas ce qui n'est ni la droite, ni la gauche. Le centriste est bien souvent celui qui évolue de la gauche vers la droite au gré des circonstances et par ambition personnelle. Le centrisme n'a pas sa place dans une culture politique marquée par le conflit. Le conflit, qui peut aussi s'identifier au consensus, est circonstanciel, construit mais rarement intériorisé. On peut donc s'interroger sur cette image négative qui n'est pas celle que l'on trouve dans tous les pays européens où il existe sans doute une forte tradition de culture libérale ou chrétienne-démocrate et où le poids du parti communiste est plus faible qu'en France. Ce colloque tente d'expliquer les échecs du centrisme en France. Il sera suivi d'un autre colloque au Sénat, au printemps 2005, qui s'attachera à la dimension européenne du “tropisme du centrisme” pour reprendre les termes d'un programme de recherche présenté par Sylvie Guillaume dans le cadre de l'Institut universitaire de France.

Political parties --- Center parties --- Partis politiques --- Centre (Science politique) --- History --- Congresses --- Histoire --- Congrès --- Congrès --- Right and left (Political science) --- France --- Politics and government --- Parties, Political --- Party systems, Political --- Political party systems --- Political science --- Divided government --- Intra-party disagreements (Political parties) --- Political conventions --- Bro-C'hall --- Fa-kuo --- Fa-lan-hsi --- Faguo --- Falanxi --- Falanxi Gongheguo --- Faransā --- Farānsah --- França --- Francia (Republic) --- Francija --- Francja --- Francland --- Francuska --- Franis --- Franḳraykh --- Frankreich --- Frankrig --- Frankrijk --- Frankrike --- Frankryk --- Fransa --- Fransa Respublikası --- Franse --- Franse Republiek --- Frant︠s︡ --- Frant︠s︡ Uls --- Frant︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Frantsuzskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Frantsyi︠a︡ --- Franza --- French Republic --- Frencisc Cynewīse --- Frenska republika --- Furansu --- Furansu Kyōwakoku --- Gallia --- Gallia (Republic) --- Gallikē Dēmokratia --- Hyãsia --- Parancis --- Peurancih --- Phransiya --- Pransiya --- Pransya --- Prantsusmaa --- Pʻŭrangsŭ --- Ranska --- República Francesa --- Republica Franzesa --- Republika Francuska --- Republiḳah ha-Tsarfatit --- Republikang Pranses --- République française --- Tsarfat --- Tsorfat --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- Γαλλία --- Франц --- Франц Улс --- Французская Рэспубліка --- Францыя --- Франция --- Френска република --- פראנקרייך --- צרפת --- רפובליקה הצרפתית --- فرانسه --- فرنسا --- フランス --- フランス共和国 --- 法国 --- 法蘭西 --- 法蘭西共和國 --- 프랑스 --- France (Provisional government, 1944-1946) --- progressisme --- pouvoir --- brandisme --- colloque --- fédération --- centrisme

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Si les jeunesses et les élites sont des sujets séparément bien étudiés, rares ont été les tentatives de confrontation de ces deux notions polysémiques. Vingt-trois historiens et chercheurs français et européens se sont employés à l’exercice. Des rives de la Hanse aux cours espagnoles, des ambassades romaines à Manchester, ce livre nous donne à connaître des destins aussi différents que ceux des gardes de la marine, des jeunes nobles sous la Révolution, des étudiants parisiens de la Belle-Époque, ou des jeunesses en régime totalitaire. Il s’emploie à reconstituer parcours individuels et destins collectifs, revisitant ainsi la notion de « génération », les phénomènes de rénovation des élites par la jeunesse ou encore les enjeux de la formation ; il aborde aussi le discours des élites sur la jeunesse, à travers la mise en œuvre de sources aussi variées que les correspondances, les mémoires, les affiches politiques ou les œuvres cinématographiques, offrant ainsi des mises au point méthodologiques précieuses. Les deux tables rondes qui clôturent l’ensemble permettent d’esquisser des perspectives de comparaison à l’échelle européenne ainsi qu’un bilan historiographique et des pistes de recherche encore non explorées.

Youth --- Elite (Social sciences) --- Jeunesse --- Elite (Sciences sociales) --- Social conditions --- History --- Conditions sociales --- Histoire --- jeunesse --- élite --- éducation --- histoire des mentalités