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Inhoud: 1. Oorzaken en aanpak; 2. Agressie bij ouderen: hoe begrijpen en behandelen? 3. Verhogen van welzijn, verminderen van agressie?! 4. De rol van de ergotherapie en activiteitenbegeleiding bij de opvang van ouderen met agressief gedrag; 5. Omgaan met agressie.

psychogeriatrie --- Age group sociology --- Geriatrics --- Personality development --- bejaardenpsychologie --- agressie --- Sociology of health --- bejaarden --- Agressie --- Agression --- Bejaardenzorg --- Soins aux personnes âgées --- Agressiviteit ; ouderen --- ouderen --- 606.5 --- psychiatrie --- 324 --- 415.3 --- 416.8 --- agressiviteit --- bejaardenzorg --- psychologie --- sociale wetenschappen --- Behandelingen --- Oorzaken --- Ouderen --- Preventie --- geriatrische psychiatrie --- Sociale problemen van en zorg voor ouderen; algemeen --- Uitvoerende functies --- Psychologie van ouderen --- 605.93 --- 613.64 --- ouderenzorg --- verpleging --- ouderen. --- verpleging. --- Ouderen. --- Verpleging.

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The prevalence of olfactory dysfunction (OD) in the general population varies from 2.7% to 76.8%. The most common causes of OD are sinonasal disease, upper airway infections, head trauma, exposure to toxins/drugs and congenital anosmia. Studies show a positive correlation between OD and depressive symptoms. One-fourth to one-third of patients with OD had a high score on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaire and showed a mild to severe depression. Olfactory training (OT) is one of the therapeutic options in treatment of OD. The primary purpose of our study is to look at the prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients with OD in a cross-sectional study. The secondary purpose is to perform a pilot study on the effect of OT on mood in patients who present with olfactory dysfunction. Participants presented at the Smell and Taste Clinic where OT was advised as treatment after measuring olfactory function. After approximately three to six months patients came back for a new consultation. Olfactory function was quantified in order to objectify change. In addition, patients were asked to fill in the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS) questionnaire in the first and second consultation. 51.1% of participants had depressive symptoms at baseline while 97.7% showed OD. There was no correlation between the depressive symptoms and OD at baseline. Statistical analysis shows a decline in depressive symptoms in the post-assessment group, but no significant changes in the olfactory function in the post-assessment group. We also did not find a correlation between change in depression and change in olfactory function. Further investigation is warranted to gain a better understanding between the treatment of OD and depression.

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Background: SILENT (Syndrome of Irreversible Lithium-Effectuated Neurotoxicity) is a rare but concerning neurological complication observed in some individuals receiving lithium therapy for affective psychiatric conditions. Despite being reported in the literature since the 1960s, SILENT remains poorly understood and previously published reviews on this topic are all narrative. We therefore conducted a scoping review to assess the nature and scope of the research literature on the long-term neurological sequelae of lithium intoxication (clinical manifestations, risk factors, and therapeutic approaches/preventive measurements) and determine the present current knowledge of SILENT. Methods: A comprehensive and systematic literature search (from inception to July 2023), using the MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science databases, was conducted for English and Dutch articles, assessing the long-term neurological sequelae of lithium intoxication, presenting data on the clinical manifestations, risk factors and/or therapeutic approaches or preventive measurements. Results: A total of 91 articles, from which a total of 117 cases of SILENT were extracted and included in this review. The prevailing outcome observed was persistent cerebellar dysfunction (77% of cases), often in combination with other sequelae. Other common sequelae included cognitive problems/dementia, parkinsonism/EPS, choreoathetosis, tardive dyskinesia, and peripheral neuropathy. Antipsychotic use was mentioned in 59% of cases and fever was reported in 37.6% of cases. Conclusion: Scientific knowledge about this phenomenon has not advanced much since its initial reports. Conducting high quality and comprehensive research on this topic in a systematic and standardized way therefore is needed to better understand this phenomenon. Although the use of lithium has become much more stringent than it has been in years past, and the occurrence of SILENT is rather exceptional, raising awareness about SILENT nevertheless is crucial to help clinicians prevent its occurrence.

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Background: Mental illness affects many people and is related to significant impairment in different domains, moreover it is associated with stigma. Health care professionals’ stigmatizing attitudes might affect the quality of care for patients with mental illness. Objectives: The aim was to assess the attitudes of health care professionals in training, i.e. medical, pharmacy and nursing students, towards mental illness. A comparison was made between first year students, before clinical rotation, and senior year students, during or after clinical rotation. Methods: The Mental Illness: Clinicians’ Attitudes Scale was used to assess the attitudes of these students towards mental illness. The Level-of-contact report measured the level of personal contact with a mentally ill person, outside the context of education. Results: The attitudes of students before clinical rotation are similar to those during or after clinical rotation (p= 0.4316). Pharmacy students have more stigmatizing attitudes towards mental illness in comparison to medical and nursing students (F (2,484)= 5.13, p=0.0069). Having a clinical rotation in a psychiatric department does not influence students’ attitudes towards mental illness, compared to those without clinical rotation in a psychiatric department (p= 0.9685). Male and female students have similar attitudes towards mental illness (p= 0.3683). Students who consider working in psychiatry (F (1, 444) = 24.49, p<0.0001), as well as students who have a higher level of contact, outside the context of their education (t (1)= -2.06, p= 0.0396), have a more positive attitude towards mental illness. Conclusion: Medical, nursing and pharmacy students have relatively positive attitudes towards mental illness. Pharmacy students however, have more negative attitudes compared to medical and nursing students. Students who already had a clinical rotation did not have a more positive or more negative attitude than students without a clinical rotation. Nor did the attitudes of students with a clinical rotation in a psychiatric department differ from those who did not have it. Our research did not support findings of previous research that indicates contact with a person with a mental illness, as a part of clinical rotation, as an effective intervention to reduce stigma. Further research should focus on communication skills and interventions with long-term effect.