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"Big Data" is on the covers of Science, Nature, the Economist, and Wired magazines, on the front pages of the Wall Street Journal and the New York Times. But despite the media hyperbole, as Christine Borgman points out in this examination of data and scholarly research, having the right data is usually better than having more data; little data can be just as valuable as big data. In many cases, there are no data -- because relevant data don't exist, cannot be found, or are not available. Moreover, data sharing is difficult, incentives to do so are minimal, and data practices vary widely across disciplines. Borgman, an often-cited authority on scholarly communication, argues that data have no value or meaning in isolation; they exist within a knowledge infrastructure -- an ecology of people, practices, technologies, institutions, material objects, and relationships. After laying out the premises of her investigation -- six "provocations" meant to inspire discussion about the uses of data in scholarship -- Borgman offers case studies of data practices in the sciences, the social sciences, and the humanities, and then considers the implications of her findings for scholarly practice and research policy. To manage and exploit data over the long term, Borgman argues, requires massive investment in knowledge infrastructures; at stake is the future of scholarship.

Information retrieval --- Information systems --- Communication in learning and scholarship --- Research --- Information technology. --- Information storage and retrieval systems. --- Cyberinfrastructure --- Communication savante --- Recherche --- Technologie de l'information --- Systèmes d'information --- Technological innovations. --- Methodology. --- Data processing. --- Innovations --- Méthodologie --- Informatique --- Cyberinfrastructure. --- Information technology --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Technological innovations --- Methodology --- Data processing --- Systèmes d'information --- Méthodologie --- Cyber-based information systems --- Cyber-infrastructure --- Electronic data processing --- Computer networks --- Computer systems --- Distributed databases --- High performance computing --- Automatic data storage --- Automatic information retrieval --- Automation in documentation --- Computer-based information systems --- Data processing systems --- Data storage and retrieval systems --- Discovery systems, Information --- Information discovery systems --- Information processing systems --- Information retrieval systems --- Machine data storage and retrieval --- Mechanized information storage and retrieval systems --- Electronic information resources --- Data libraries --- Digital libraries --- Information organization --- IT (Information technology) --- Technology --- Telematics --- Information superhighway --- Knowledge management --- Electronic data processing in research --- Communication in scholarship --- Scholarly communication --- Learning and scholarship --- Distributed processing --- Store datamengder --- Informasjonsteknologi --- Datautvinning --- Forskningsmetoder --- Cyberspace --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/Technology & Policy --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/Internet Studies --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/General --- Data centers --- Communication in learning and scholarship - Technological innovations --- Research - Methodology --- Research - Data processing

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Scholars in all fields now have access to an unprecedented wealth of online information, tools, and services. The Internet lies at the core of an information infrastructure for distributed, data-intensive, and collaborative research. Although much attention has been paid to the new technologies making this possible, from digitized books to sensor networks, it is the underlying social and policy changes that will have the most lasting effect on the scholarly enterprise. In Scholarship in the Digital Age, Christine Borgman explores the technical, social, legal, and economic aspects of the kind of infrastructure that we should be building for scholarly research in the twenty-first century.

Communication in learning and scholarship --- Scholarly electronic publishing. --- Information technology. --- Learning and scholarship --- Technological innovations. --- Social aspects. --- Computer. Automation --- Documentation and information

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Puisant ses analyses et ses exemples dans des champs scientifiques variés, cet ouvrage (dont l’original est paru en 2015 chez MIT Press) offre une étude inédite des utilisations des données au sein des infrastructures de la connaissance – utilisations qui varient largement d’une discipline à l’autre. Bien que le big data ait régulièrement les honneurs de la presse des deux côtés de l’Atlantique, Christine L. Borgman met en évidence qu’il vaut mieux disposer des bonnes données qu’en avoir beaucoup. Elle montre également que les little data peuvent s’avérer aussi précieuses que les big data, et, que, dans bien des cas, il n’y a aucune donnée, parce que les informations pertinentes n’existent pas, sont introuvables ou sont indisponibles… Au travers d’études de cas pratiques issus d’horizons divers, Christine L. Borgman met aussi en lumière que les données n’ont ni valeur ni signification isolément : elles s’inscrivent au sein d’une infrastructure de la connaissance, c’est-à-dire d’un écosystème de personnes, de pratiques, de technologies, d’institutions, d’objets matériels et de relations. Pour l’autrice, gérer les données et les exploiter sur le long terme requiert ainsi des investissements massifs dans ces infrastructures de la connaissance. L’avenir de la recherche, dans un monde en réseau, en dépend.

Information Science & Library Science --- données --- big data --- recherche --- infrastructure de la connaissance

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Information superhighway. --- Digital libraries. --- Libraries --- Information superhighway --- Digital libraries --- Special collections --- Electronic information resources. --- Documentation and information --- Social change --- Mass communications --- Computer. Automation --- Information retrieval --- Computer architecture. Operating systems --- United States --- 002:62 --- 026.068 --- Data highway --- Data superhighway --- Digital highway --- Electronic superhighway --- Global information infrastructure --- I-way (Information superhighway) --- Infobahn --- Infopike --- Information highway --- Information infrastructure --- Infrastructure, Information --- National information infrastructure --- Superhighway, Information --- Information networks --- Information society --- Information technology --- 026.068 Software, programmatuur. Elektronische informatiebronnen. Digitale bibliotheken. Virtuele bibliotheken --- Software, programmatuur. Elektronische informatiebronnen. Digitale bibliotheken. Virtuele bibliotheken --- 002:62 Informatietechnologie --- Informatietechnologie --- Documentation --- Public institutions --- Librarians --- Digital curation --- Digital media collections --- Digital media libraries --- Digital repositories --- Electronic libraries --- Electronic publication collections --- Electronic publication libraries --- Electronic text collections --- Repositories, Digital --- Virtual libraries --- Information storage and retrieval systems --- Web archives --- Special collections&delete& --- Electronic information resources --- AA / International- internationaal --- 020 --- Bibliotheekwezen: algemeenheden. --- Bibliotheekwezen: algemeenheden --- Social Sciences --- Library & Information Science --- United States of America --- Bibliothèques --- Sources d'information électroniques --- Bibliothèques virtuelles --- Autoroutes de l'information --- Information électronique --- États-Unis --- Fonds spéciaux --- Bibliothèques --- Sources d'information électroniques --- Bibliothèques virtuelles --- Information électronique --- États-Unis --- Fonds spéciaux

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