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Deze opleidingsspecifieke verdieping bestudeert gedragsstudies over spraakperceptie (in ruis) bij personen met ASS. We zochten in de literatuur naar de verschillen en gelijkenissen in spraakperceptie tussen personen met een autismespectrumstoornis en typisch ontwikkelende personen waarbij fonemen/visemen, woorden en zinnen in ruis worden aangeboden. Afhankelijk van de mate van ruis, de conditie van stimuli (i.e., uni-sensorieel, multi-sensorieel) worden er tekorten in spraakperceptie bij ASS gemeten. Daarnaast blijken er ook verschillen tussen personen met ASS onderling te zijn. Grote tekorten op jonge leeftijd in spraakperceptie met ruis, verdwijnen gedeeltelijk in de vroegadolescentie bij ASS. Dit leidt tot een aantal adviezen voor verder onderzoek. We pleiten ook voor het streven naar vroegdiagnose en vroeginterventie. Tenslotte leggen we de link naar de praktijk. In een aantal scholen buitengewoon onderwijs type 9 en gewoon secundair onderwijs werd een observatie gedaan om zicht te krijgen op hun basiszorg, fase 0 en 1. We zagen hoe scholen (al dan niet bewust) rekening houden met de tekorten in spraakperceptie bij de leerlingen met ASS.
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This longitudinal cohort study aimed to examine (A) the sensory profiles (SP) (assessed with the Infant and Toddler Sensory Profile (ITSP)) of 174 preterm infants born before 34 weeks gestational age and/or with a birth weight < 1500 g, at 4 months and 9 months of corrected age (CA), and (B) their predictive factors. The predictive factors we examined are the mother’s age, the mother’s level of education, the infant’s gender, the post-menstrual age at birth, the infant’s birth weight, the infant’s APGAR score at 5 minutes after birth, the amount of hospitalisation days, and the total time spent doing kangaroo care (KC) during the hospitalization. Furthermore, we (C) analysed the developmental functioning of the infants, which was assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III), at 4, 9 and 24 months CA, and (D) checked for correlations with the sensory profiles. We found that (A) the prevalence of atypical ITSPs is high in the preterm population (57.04% at 4 months CA and 76.58% at 9 months CA). (B) Younger post-menstrual age, lower birthweight, larger amount of hospitalisation days and less time of KC are associated with an atypical score on the ITSP at 9 months. (C) We could not show that premature infants have a developmental delay, (D) nor found meaningful correlations between the ITSP and Bayley-III.
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder which is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction, which can be explained by difficulties in recognizing emotions of others in facial expressions and speech. This skill, called emotion recognition, has been studied extensively for facial emotions, but few studies described the processing of vocal emotion recognition. In this systematic review, we searched through PubMed, Web of Science and PsycArticles using terms related to autism spectrum disorders, vocal emotion recognition and electroencephalography. After screening 393 articles, 8 studies were included in this review. The majority of the studies showed atypical processing of emotional prosody during childhood and adulthood, specifically for negative emotions. In conclusion, further research has to be conducted including children of young age and various types of autistic traits and cognitive skills to assess the underlying mechanisms of impairment.
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This systematic review bundles the evidence on voice identity processing in autism spectrum disorder. We investigated the behavioral profile and neural responses for familiar and unfamiliar voice processing, and for age and gender perception. Results seem to indicate an impairment at the perceptual, the recognition and the semantic level for familiar and unfamiliar voices, but an intact perception of gender and age.
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