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Architecture --- City planning --- Fascism and architecture --- History

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The redevelopment of historical centres became an important policy field in the era of European dictatorships following the First World War. At that time historical centres were regarded as shabby and as tarnishing the desired image of a magnificent new city, of a showcase of the dictatorship. This led to the widespread demolition of older buildings. Historical streets and squares disappeared and were replaced by new apartments and workplaces for the loyal middle classes, by car-friendly roads and ostentatious new buildings. Nevertheless, the redevelopment of historical centres did not exclusively mean the eradication of the ‘old town’. The aim of the dictatorship in many cases was also the preservation, and often the cultic display, of historical testimonials to past greatness.The book presents examples of the redevelopment of historical centres in Mussolini’s Italy (Rome, Brescia, Bologna, Naples), in Stalin’s Soviet Union (Moscow), in Hitler’s Germany (Berlin), in Salazar’s Portugal (Lisbon, Évora, Óbidos) and in Franco’s Spain (Madrid, Toledo, Barcelona, Zaragoza, Santillana del Mar). These are followed by a brief summary of the history of the redevelopment of historical centres in Europe. This volume represents the very first attempt to identify the commonalities and differences in the redevelopment of historical centres in dictatorships in Europe in the first half of the 20th century.

Environmental planning --- Architecture --- architecture [discipline] --- urban renewal --- historic centers --- anno 1900-1999 --- Europe --- Architectuur ; Rusland ; U.S.S.R. ; CIS ; 20ste eeuw --- Architectuur; Rusland; Moscou --- Architectuur en nazisme --- Kunst en totalitarisme --- Kunst en macht ; dictatuur 1930-45 --- 711.164 --- 71.037/038 --- Stedenbouw. Ruimtelijke ordening ; stadssanering --- Geschiedenis van de stedenbouw ; 1950 - 2000

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Der Städtebau der europäischen Diktaturen in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts diente nicht nur der Herrschaftssicherung im eigenen Lande, sondern auch der Anerkennung durch die demokratischen Staaten. Nach der Machtübergabe an das nationalsozialistische Regime geriet er mehr und mehr zur Trumpfkarte im Wettbewerb unter den großen Diktaturen Europas – fast wie in der Zeit des Absolutismus. Jenseits aller Konflikte und politischer Orientierungen bestand ein intensiver fachlicher Austausch unter den Ländern Europas. Eine nur nationale Sichtweise auf die Diktaturen ist daher nicht hinreichend. Der übergreifende Blick trägt nicht nur dazu bei, die Besonderheiten der jeweiligen Diktatur zu klären, er weist auch manch vereinfachtes Verständnis von deren Städtebau zurück. Das ist keineswegs nur von historischem Interesse: Die Auseinandersetzung mit Diktaturen ist immer auch Ausdruck unserer gesellschaftlichen Verhältnisse, unserer Erinnerungskultur, unserer Fähigkeit, alte und neue Formen von Diktatur zu erkennen - auch heute! Das Buch diskutiert den Stand der Forschung zum Städtebau von fünf Diktaturen der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts und präsentiert exemplarisch neue Forschungsergebnisse. In the first half of the twentieth century, urban design under the influence of European dictatorships not only served to support the rulers in their own country, but also to gain the recognition of the democratic states. After the National Socialist regime came to power in Germany, urban design increasingly became the trump card in the competition amongst the large dictatorships in Europe - almost as in the time of absolutism. Irrespective of all conflicts and political orientations, there was an intense exchange of ideas amongst the states in Europe. It is therefore not adequate to make an assessment just from the point of view of the dictatorships. The overarching view helps to understand the special characteristics of each dictatorship and also disproves some simplified interpretations of their respective approaches to urban design. That is not just of historic interest; the discussion of the issue of dictatorships is always also an expression of our social condition, our commemorative culture, our ability to recognize old and new forms of dictatorship - even today! The book discusses the state of research into urban design under five dictatorships during the first half of the twentieth century, and presents new research results based on examples.

Architecture --- City planning --- Dictatorship --- History --- Urban policy --- Architecture and society --- Architecture. --- Architecture and society. --- City planning. --- Urban policy. --- Diktatur. --- Stadtentwicklung. --- Stadtplanung --- Political aspects --- Political aspects. --- 1900 - 1999 --- Europe. --- Europa. --- Planification urbaine --- Politique urbaine --- Architecture et société --- Histoire --- Aspect politique --- Architecture -- Europe -- History -- 20th century. --- Architecture -- Political aspects -- History -- 20th century. --- Architecture and society -- Europe -- History -- 20th century. --- City planning -- Europe -- History -- 20th century. --- Urban policy -- Europe -- History -- 20th century. --- Political Theory of the State --- Communities - Urban Groups --- Political Science --- Sociology & Social History --- Law, Politics & Government --- Social Sciences --- Cities and state --- Urban problems --- City and town life --- Economic policy --- Social policy --- Sociology, Urban --- Urban renewal --- Architecture, Western (Western countries) --- Building design --- Buildings --- Construction --- Western architecture (Western countries) --- Art --- Building --- Architecture and sociology --- Society and architecture --- Sociology and architecture --- Design and construction --- Social aspects --- Human factors --- Stadtplanung. --- Urban dialects --- Dialects, Urban --- Urbanisms (Linguistics) --- Cities and towns --- Dialectology --- Language and languages --- Languages in contact --- Sociolinguistics --- Absolutism --- Autocracy --- Tyranny --- Authoritarianism --- Despotism --- Totalitarianism --- Variation --- Abendland --- Okzident --- Europäer --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia

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Environmental planning --- Architecture --- comprehensive plans [reports] --- architecture [discipline] --- ruimtelijke ordening --- architectuur --- anno 1930-1939 --- Rome

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