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The ability to understand and control the unique properties of interfaces has created an entirely new field of magnetism which already has a profound impact in technology and is providing the basis for a revolution in electronics. The last decade has seen dramatic progress in the development of magnetic devices for information technology but also in the basic understanding of the physics of magnetic nanostructures. This volume describes thin film magnetic properties and methods for characterising thin film structure topics that underpin the present 'spintronics' revolution in which devices are based on combined magnetic materials and semiconductors. Volume IV deals with the fundamentals of spintronics: magnetoelectronic materials, spin injection and detection, micromagnetics and the development of magnetic random access memory based on GMR and tunnel junction devices. Together these books provide readers with a comprehensive account of an exciting and rapidly developing field. The treatment is designed to be accessible both to newcomers and to experts already working in this field who would like to get a better understanding of this very diversified area of research.

Thin films --- Free electron theory of metals. --- Magnetic properties. --- Materials science. --- Magnetism. --- Magnetic materials. --- Optical materials. --- Electronic materials. --- Nanotechnology. --- Materials --- Thin films. --- Materials Science. --- Surfaces and Interfaces, Thin Films. --- Optical and Electronic Materials. --- Magnetism, Magnetic Materials. --- Surfaces. --- Energy-band theory of solids --- Metals --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Mathematical physics --- Physics --- Electricity --- Magnetics --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Optics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Materials—Surfaces. --- Electronic materials --- Films, Thin --- Solid film --- Solid state electronics --- Solids --- Coatings --- Thick films

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The ability to understand and control the unique properties of interfaces has created an entirely new field of magnetism which already has a profound impact in technology and is providing the basis for a revolution in electronics. The last decade has seen dramatic progress in the development of magnetic devices for information technology but also in the basic understanding of the physics of magnetic nanostructures. Volume III describes thin film magnetic properties and methods for characterising thin film structure topics that underpin the present 'spintronics' revolution in which devices are based on combined magnetic materials and semiconductors. The present volume (IV) deals with the fundamentals of spintronics: magnetoelectronic materials, spin injection and detection, micromagnetics and the development of magnetic random access memory based on GMR and tunnel junction devices. Together these books provide readers with a comprehensive account of an exciting and rapidly developing field. The treatment is designed to be accessible both to newcomers and to experts already working in this field who would like to get a better understanding of this very diversified area of research.

Thin films. --- Atomic Physics --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Thin films --- Metallic films --- Free electron theory of metals. --- Magnetic films. --- Magnetic properties. --- Films, Magnetic --- Materials science. --- Magnetism. --- Magnetic materials. --- Optical materials. --- Electronic materials. --- Nanotechnology. --- Materials --- Materials Science. --- Surfaces and Interfaces, Thin Films. --- Optical and Electronic Materials. --- Magnetism, Magnetic Materials. --- Surfaces. --- Magnetic materials --- Energy-band theory of solids --- Metals --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Mathematical physics --- Electricity --- Magnetics --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Optics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Materials—Surfaces. --- Electronic materials --- Films, Thin --- Solid film --- Solid state electronics --- Solids --- Coatings --- Thick films

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Nanoscience is of central importance in the physical and biological sciences and is now pervasive in technology. However nanomagnetism has a special role to play as magnetic properties depend uniquely on both dimensionality and lengthscales. Nanomagnetism is already central to data storage, sensor and device technologies but is increasingly being used in the life sciences and medicine. This volume aims to introduce scientists, computer scientists, engineers and technologists from diverse fields to this fascinating and technologically important new branch of nanoscience. The volume should appeal to both the interested general reader but also to the researcher wishing to obtain an overview of this fast moving field. The contributions come from acknowledged leaders in the field who each give authoritative accounts of key fundamental aspects of nanomagnetism to which they have themselves made a major contribution. After a brief introduction by the editors, Wu first surveys the fundamental properties of magnetic nanostructures. The interlayer exchange interactions within magnetic multilayer structures is next discussed by Stiles. Camley then discusses the static, dynamic and thermal properties of magnetic multilayers and nanostructures, followed by an account of the phenomenon of exchange anisotropy by Berkowitz and Kodama. This latter phenomenon is widely in current read head devices for example. The transport properties of nanostructures also are spectacular, and again underpin computer technology, as we see from the discussion of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) and tunnelling magnetoresistance (TMR) presented by Fert and his colleagues. Beyond GMR and TMR we look to the field of spintronics where new electronic devices are envisioned and for which quantum computing may depend as discussed in the chapter by Flatte and Jonker. The volume concludes with discussion of the recently discovered phenomenon of current induced switching of magnetization by Edwards and Mathon. * Subject is in the forefront of nanoscience * All Section authors are leading figures in this key field * Presentations are accessible to non specialists, with focus on underlying fundamentals.

Mechanical properties of solids --- Materials sciences