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This volume describes the current status of the biology of inositols and phosphoinositides with an emphasis on the development in the area since the publication of volume 26 in 1996 in this series. The progress made in dissecting the genetics, structure and evolution of the seminal enzyme for synthesis of inositol in the biological system has driven the understanding of the enzyme forward. With the current genomic and proteomic tools in place the new role of inositols, inositol phosphates and phosphoinositides in cell signaling or stress response has been explored. These advances are described

Inositol. --- Inositol phosphates. --- Phosphoinositides. --- Phosphatidylinositides --- Phosphatidylinositol phosphates --- Phospholipids --- Inositol --- Hexose phosphates --- Cyclohexanehexol --- Mesoinositol --- Myoinositol --- Alcohols --- Phosphoinositides --- Sugars --- Vitamin B complex --- Biochemistry. --- Plant physiology. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Plant Biochemistry. --- Plant Physiology. --- Botany --- Plants --- Physiology --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Composition --- Plant biochemistry. --- Phytochemistry --- Plant biochemistry --- Plant chemistry --- Biochemistry --- Phytochemicals --- Plant biochemical genetics

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Histology. Cytology --- Molecular biology --- Human biochemistry --- Proteines --- Structure. --- Structure --- Cytochemistry --- Periodicals --- Cell organelles --- Proteines - Structure

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Recent years have seen tremendous progress in unraveling the molecular basis of different plant-microbe interactions. Knowledge has accumulated on the mecha­ nisms of the microbial infection of plants, which can lead to either disease or resistance. The mechanisms developed by plants to interact with microbes, whether viruses, bacteria, or fungi, involve events that can lead to symbiotic association or to disease or tumor formation. Cell death caused by pathogen infection has been of great interest for many years because of its association with plant resistance. There appear to be two types of plant cell death associated with pathogen infection, a rapid hypersensitive cell death localized at the site of infection during an incompatible interaction between a resistant plant and an avirulent pathogen, and a slow, normosensitive plant cell death that spreads beyond the site of infection during some compatible interactions involving a susceptible plant and a virulent, necrogenic pathogen. Plants possess a number of defense mechanisms against infection, such as (i) production of phytoalexin, (ii) formation of hydrolases, (iii) accumulation of hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein and lignin deposition, (iv) production of pathogen-related proteins, (v) produc­ tion of oligosaccharides, jasmonic acid, and various other phenolic substances, and (vi) production of toxin-metabolizing enzymes. Based on these observations, insertion of a single suitable gene in a particular plant has yielded promising results in imparting resistance against specific infection or disease. It appears that a signal received after microbe infection triggers different signal transduction pathways.

Histology. Cytology --- Phytopathology. Phytoparasitology --- Plant-microbe relaties --- Plant-microbe relationships --- Relations plante-microbe --- Biochemistry. --- Plant science. --- Botany. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Plant Sciences. --- Botanical science --- Phytobiology --- Phytography --- Phytology --- Plant biology --- Plant science --- Biology --- Natural history --- Plants --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Composition --- Floristic botany --- Symbiosis. --- Plant-microbe relationships. --- Microbiology. --- Plant-microbe interactions --- Consortism --- Symbiogenesis --- Microbiology --- Bacteriology

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From being to becoming important, myo-inositol and its derivatives including phosphoinositides and phosphoinositols involved in diversi?ed functions in wide varieties of cells overcoming its insigni?cant role had to wait more than a century. Myo-inositol, infact, is the oldest known inositol and it was isolated from muscle as early as 1850 and phytin (Inositol hexakis phosphate) from plants by Pfeffer in 1872. Since then, interest in inositols and their derivatives varied as the methodology of isolation and puri?cation of the stereoisomers of inositol and their derivatives advanced. Phosphoinositides were ?rst isolated from brain in 1949 by Folch and their structure was established in 1961 by Ballou and his coworkers. After the compilation of scattered publications on cyclitols by Posternak (1965), proceedings of the conference on cyclitols and phosphoinositides under the supervision of Hoffmann-Ostenhof, were p- lished in 1969. Similar proceedings of the second conference on the same s- ject edited by Wells and Eisenberg Jr was published in 1978. In that meeting at the concluding session Hawthorne remarked persued deeply enough p- haps even myoinositol could be mirror to the whole universe . This is now infact the scenario on the research on inositol and their phosphoderivatives. Finally a comprehensive information covering the aspects of chemistry, b- chemistry and physiology of inositols and their phosphoderivatives in a book entitled Inositol Phosphates written by Cosgrove (1980) was available.

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Human biochemistry --- medische biochemie --- biochemie --- moleculaire biologie