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Biblical cosmology. --- Cosmology. --- Astronomy --- Deism --- Metaphysics --- Cosmology, Biblical --- Cosmology --- Creation
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"This is a book about the multidisciplinary topic of emergence. Science, philosophy of science, and metaphysics have long been concerned with the question of how order, stability, and novelty are possible and how they happen. How can order come out of disorder? We provide a new account of emergence, contextual emergence, that attempts to answer these questions. Contextual emergence is grounded primarily in the sciences as opposed to logic or metaphysics. Contextual emergence is both an explanatory and ontological account of emergence that gets us beyond the impasse between "weak" and "strong" emergence in the emergence debates. Contextual emergence challenges the "foundationalist" or hierarchical picture of reality. Contextual emergence emphasizes the ontological and explanatory fundamentality of multiscale stability conditions and their contextual constraints, often operating globally over interconnected, interdependent, and interacting entities and their multiscale relations. Contextual emergence focuses on the conditions that make the existence, stability, and persistence of emergent systems and their states and observables possible. These conditions and constraints are irreducibly multiscale relations, so it is not surprising that scientific explanation is often multiscale. Such multiscale conditions act as gatekeepers for systems to access modal possibilities (e.g., reducing or enhancing a system's degrees of freedom). Using examples from across the sciences ranging from physics to biology to neuroscience and beyond, we demonstrate that there is an empirically well-grounded, viable alternative to ontological reductionism coupled with explanatory anti-reductionism (weak emergence) and ontological disunity coupled with the impossibility of robust scientific explanation (strong emergence). Central metaphysics of science concerns are also addressed"--
Cosmology --- Emergence (Philosophy) --- Evolution --- Metaphysics
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Réintroduire dans la science la flèche du temps fut l'une des ambitions qui auront marqué mes recherches sur une période de l'ordre d'un demi-siècle. Nous voyons aujourd'hui se dégager de nouveaux horizons qui nous permettent d'envisager une reformulation des lois de la nature. À l'univers automate succède une nature en construction ; la notion de “nouveau” prend un sens cosmologique. Le futur n’est pas donné. Nous pouvons aujourd’hui donner un sens précis à cette condition de toute créativité grâce aux outils que nous procurent les mathématiques modernes. La flèche du temps et l’évolution créatrice, notions étroitement associées, posent, dans de nombreux domaines, des questions que je crois décisives. Pour traiter de tels sujets, il fallait ouvrir le dialogue avec des représentants de pratiques scientifiques différentes. C'est ce que nous avons tenté de faire.
Science --- Social sciences --- Uncertainty. --- Sciences --- Sciences sociales --- Incertitude --- Philosophy. --- Philosophie --- 001 --- 008 --- Uncertainty --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- Reasoning --- Social philosophy --- Social theory --- Philosophy --- Science - Philosophy. --- Social sciences - Philosophy. --- Libre arbitre. --- Temps. --- Chaos (théorie des systèmes) --- Incertitude. --- Processus irréversibles. --- Philosophie des sciences. --- Philosophie et sciences.
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This book explores whether physics points to a reductive or an emergent structure of the world and proposes a physics-motivated conception of emergence that leaves behind many of the problematic intuitions shaping the philosophical conceptions. Examining several detailed case studies reveals results that point to stability conditions playing a crucial though underappreciated role in the physics of emergence. This contextual emergence has thought-provoking consequences for physics and beyond.
Emergence (Philosophy) --- Physics --- Particle & high-energy physics. --- SCIENCE / Physics / Nuclear. --- Philosophy.
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