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Sustaining a high rate of economic growth is the major policy issue facing the Arab economies. A detailed analysis of growth, investment, and savings for the period 1971-96, including through a growth accounting exercise, shows that increasing long-run growth requires improvements in both investment and domestic savings. In the past, the Arab region’s growth was overly reliant on volatile external sources of funding, and total factor productivity growth was too low. The paper discusses the policy priorities to overcome the legacy of poor growth.
Macroeconomics --- Production and Operations Management --- Production --- Cost --- Capital and Total Factor Productivity --- Capacity --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- Investment --- Capital --- Intangible Capital --- Economic History: Macroeconomics --- Growth and Fluctuations: Asia including Middle East --- Accounting --- General Aggregative Models: General --- Labor Economics: General --- Economic growth --- Labour --- income economics --- Total factor productivity --- Growth accounting --- Domestic savings --- National accounts --- Labor --- Industrial productivity --- Economic development --- Saving and investment --- National income --- Labor economics --- Saudi Arabia --- Income economics
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This paper discusses issues related to the gas arrears ‘crisis’ in Ukraine. It concludes that the problem, which can be traced to policy distortions, can be contained through an acceleration of structural reforms. The paper examines the nature of the contractual relations between Ukraine and its foreign suppliers; the role of the de facto government guarantee for gas import payments; the process of imposing financial discipline on non-payers; the nature of gas-related subsidy schemes; and the methods used in calculating domestic energy prices. An Appendix derives lessons from the Estonian case--an economy which, despite relatively similar initial conditions, avoided the emergence of energy payment difficulties. This is a Paper on Policy Analysis and Assessment and the author(s) would welcome any comments on the present text. Citations should refer to a Paper on Policy Analysis and Assessment of the International Monetary Fund, mentioning the author(s) and the date of issuance. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the Fund.
Exports and Imports --- Public Finance --- Taxation --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Trade: General --- National Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs --- Studies of Particular Policy Episodes --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Gas Utilities --- Pipelines --- Water Utilities --- Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: General --- International economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Arrears --- Tariffs --- Imports --- Import payments --- Social assistance spending --- External debt --- Taxes --- International trade --- Expenditure --- Debts, External --- Tariff --- Expenditures, Public --- Ukraine
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The first journalism textbook for reporters who cover finance and economics in developing and transitional countries, Covering Globalization is an essential guide to the pressing topics of our times. Written by economists from the Asian Development Bank and the International Monetary Fund as well as journalists who have worked for Dow Jones, the Financial Times, the New York Times, Fortune, and Reuters-and with an introduction by Nobel Laureate Joseph E. Stiglitz-this invaluable resource helps reporters write about subjects such as banking and banking crises, pension reform, privatization, trade agreements, central banks, the World Bank, sovereign debt restructuring, commodity markets, corporate governance, poverty-eradication programs, and the "resource curse." Each chapter explains the basic economic principles and current thinking on a given topic and provides tips on what to look for when covering specific subjects; a way to structure business and economics stories; a way to use the Internet for reporting with links to more information online; extensive glossaries and much more.
AA / International- internationaal --- 333.0 --- Financiële economie: algemene werken en handboeken. --- International finance. --- Globalization. --- International economic relations. --- Globalization --- International economic relations --- International finance --- International monetary system --- International money --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Foreign economic relations --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- Global cities --- Globalisation --- Internationalization --- Financiële economie: algemene werken en handboeken --- Finance --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Economic sanctions --- Anti-globalization movement
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Determined macroeconomic policy, combined with favorable external developments, has reduced inflation, improved public finances, led to a stable currency, and helped strengthen the banking system in Egypt. Nonetheless, the task of delivering sustained growth of output and employment is incomplete. This paper is a collection of studies focusing on economic developments in Egypt in the 1990s, a period of transformation toward a dynamic market economy.
Economic stabilization --- 330.05 --- 330.962 --- economische situatie --- Egypte --- monetair beleid --- 330.52 --- 331.30 --- 333.481 --- 338.313 --- EG / Egypt - Egypte --- 338.24 <620> --- 338 <620> --- 338.24 <620> Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Egypte --- Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Egypte --- 338 <620> Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Egypte --- Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Egypte --- Adjustment, Economic --- Business stabilization --- Economic adjustment --- Stabilization, Economic --- Economic policy --- Liberaal systeem. Neo-liberalisme. Theorie van de onderhandeling --- Economische toestand --- Monetaire crisissen, hervormingen, saneringen en stabilisering --- Kapitalisme --- Egypt --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy. --- Working papers --- Economic policy and planning (general) --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Taxation --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Public Enterprises --- Public-Private Enterprises --- Trade: General --- International economics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Banking --- Public finance & taxation --- Civil service & public sector --- Public sector --- Commercial banks --- Real exchange rates --- Privatization --- Capital inflows --- Financial institutions --- Economic sectors --- Balance of payments --- Banks and banking --- Finance, Public --- Commercial policy --- Egypt, Arab Republic of
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The paper considers investment and growth in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Notwithstanding cross-country differences, investment as a whole has been too low, too heavily tilted toward the public sector, too highly dependent on external influences, and less productive than in many other regions. Improving the region’s investment performance is critical if policymakers are to succeed in increasing the region’s economic growth rate. After discussing the relationship between investment and growth, the paper analyzes the investment responsiveness of various countries in the region and notes the policy priorities for strengthening the basis for rapid and sustained economic growth.
Exports and Imports --- Investments: General --- Investments: Stocks --- Public Finance --- Production and Operations Management --- Firm Behavior --- Investment --- Capital --- Intangible Capital --- Capacity --- Economic History: Macroeconomics --- Growth and Fluctuations: Asia including Middle East --- Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development --- Economywide Country Studies: Asia including Middle East --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures --- Other Public Investment and Capital Stock --- Macroeconomics --- Investment & securities --- Finance --- Public finance & taxation --- Stocks --- Capital productivity --- Private investment --- Foreign direct investment --- Public investment spending --- Financial institutions --- National accounts --- Production --- Balance of payments --- Expenditure --- Saving and investment --- Investments, Foreign --- Public investments --- Egypt, Arab Republic of
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