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This book describes the discovery of quasicrystals (icosahedral and decagonal) in an extraterrestrial rock from the Koryak Mountains of Far Eastern Russia. After a decade-long search for a natural quasicrystal, this discovery opened a new avenue in mineralogy and crystallography that could lead to further discoveries in geoscience, astronomy, condensed matter physics, and materials engineering. For the first time, minerals have been discovered that violate the symmetry restrictions of conventional crystallography. The natural occurrence of such crystals was unexpected, involving previously unknown processes. The fact that the quasicrystals were found in a meteorite formed in the earliest moments of the solar system means these processes have been active for over 4.5 billion years and have influenced the composition of the first objects to condense around the Sun. Finding quasicrystals formed in these extreme environments also informed the longstanding debate concerning the stability and robustness of quasicrystals. Recent shock experiments lend support to the hypothesis that the extraterrestrial quasicrystals formed as a result of hypervelocity impacts between objects in the early Solar system, and that they are probably less rare in the Milky Way. .

Mineralogy. --- Crystallography. --- Planetology. --- Geology. --- Materials science. --- Crystallography and Scattering Methods. --- Materials Science, general. --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Geognosy --- Geoscience --- Earth sciences --- Natural history --- Planetary sciences --- Planetology --- Leptology --- Mineralogy --- Physical geology --- Crystallography --- Minerals --- Quasicrystals. --- Quasi-crystals --- Condensed matter --- Crystals

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This book describes the discovery of quasicrystals (icosahedral and decagonal) in an extraterrestrial rock from the Koryak Mountains of Far Eastern Russia. After a decade-long search for a natural quasicrystal, this discovery opened a new avenue in mineralogy and crystallography that could lead to further discoveries in geoscience, astronomy, condensed matter physics, and materials engineering. For the first time, minerals have been discovered that violate the symmetry restrictions of conventional crystallography. The natural occurrence of such crystals was unexpected, involving previously unknown processes. The fact that the quasicrystals were found in a meteorite formed in the earliest moments of the solar system means these processes have been active for over 4.5 billion years and have influenced the composition of the first objects to condense around the Sun. Finding quasicrystals formed in these extreme environments also informed the longstanding debate concerning the stability and robustness of quasicrystals. Recent shock experiments lend support to the hypothesis that the extraterrestrial quasicrystals formed as a result of hypervelocity impacts between objects in the early Solar system, and that they are probably less rare in the Milky Way. .

Solar system --- Chemical and physical crystallography --- Rocks. Minerals --- Geology. Earth sciences --- Materials sciences --- mineralogie --- zonnestelsel --- kristallografie --- materiaalkennis --- geologie --- planeten

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The word "gold" has influenced the imaginations of various populations over the centuries and the search for gold has been an extremely fascinating event to a multitude of societies in the past. In this publication, which is part of the "Le Perline del Museo" series of the Natural History Museum of the University of Florence, the concept of "gold" is explored from several points of view. The book is divided into 11 chapters dealing with gold from various points of view: its chemical-physical properties, how and where it can be found in nature, the mineralogy of gold, the processes to extract it, what can be done with gold and gold over the centuries, up to a brief description of the California "gold rush" of the late nineteenth century. The publication is enriched with beautiful images of gold in all its forms. For the realisation of the publication, the author collaborated with the American Museum of Natural History (New York, USA), the Museum of the City of San Francisco (San Francisco, USA) and the Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, USA).

Chimica --- Storia --- Scienze naturali --- Museo di storia naturale --- Firenze

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The word "gold" has influenced the imaginations of various populations over the centuries and the search for gold has been an extremely fascinating event to a multitude of societies in the past. In this publication, which is part of the "Le Perline del Museo" series of the Natural History Museum of the University of Florence, the concept of "gold" is explored from several points of view. The book is divided into 11 chapters dealing with gold from various points of view: its chemical-physical properties, how and where it can be found in nature, the mineralogy of gold, the processes to extract it, what can be done with gold and gold over the centuries, up to a brief description of the California "gold rush" of the late nineteenth century. The publication is enriched with beautiful images of gold in all its forms. For the realisation of the publication, the author collaborated with the American Museum of Natural History (New York, USA), the Museum of the City of San Francisco (San Francisco, USA) and the Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, USA).

Mineralogy & gems --- Rocks, minerals & fossils --- Chimica --- Storia --- Scienze naturali --- Museo di storia naturale --- Firenze --- Chimica --- Storia --- Scienze naturali --- Museo di storia naturale --- Firenze

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This volume celebrates mineral sciences and what are considered the most important progresses and breakthroughs in this discipline. Authoritative authors, who, in most cases, are the direct discoverers recount the steps of their research, which represent landmark developments of mineralogy and mineralogical crystallography.

Rocks. Minerals --- Materials sciences --- mineralogie --- materiaalkennis --- Mineralogy.