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This book provides a uniquely accessible introduction to multilevel modeling, a powerful tool for analyzing relationships between an individual-level dependent variable, such as student reading achievement, and individual-level and contextual explanatory factors, such as gender and neighborhood quality. Helping readers build on the statistical techniques they already know, Robert Bickel emphasizes the parallels with more familiar regression models, shows how to do multilevel modeling using SPSS, and demonstrates how to interpret the results. He discusses the strengths and limitations of multilevel analysis and explains specific circumstances in which it offers (or does not offer) methodological advantages over more traditional techniques. Over 300 dataset examples from research on educational achievement, income attainment, voting behavior, and other timely issues are presented in numbered procedural steps.

Quantitative methods in social research --- Mathematical statistics --- Statistics --- Social sciences --- Multilevel models (Statistics) --- Regression analysis. --- Sciences sociales --- Modèles multiniveaux (Statistique) --- Analyse de régression --- Research --- Mathematical models. --- Recherche --- Modèles mathématiques --- #SBIB:303H520 --- 519.8 --- 303 --- Methoden sociale wetenschappen: techniek van de analyse, algemeen --- Operational research --- Methoden bij sociaalwetenschappelijk onderzoek --- 303 Methoden bij sociaalwetenschappelijk onderzoek --- 519.8 Operational research --- Modèles multiniveaux (Statistique) --- Analyse de régression --- Modèles mathématiques --- Regression analysis --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- Analysis, Regression --- Linear regression --- Regression modeling --- Multivariate analysis --- Structural equation modeling --- Hierarchical linear models (Statistics) --- Mixed effects models (Statistics) --- Random coefficient models (Statistics) --- Variance component models (Statistics) --- Mathematical models --- Research&delete& --- Multilevel models (Statistics).

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Purchased goods and services are an increasingly large proportion of public and private enterprise budgets. Various enterprises have therefore developed more or less successful supply strategies. This monograph draws lessons from their experiences for the Air Force and the Department of Defense by synthesizing academic, business, and professional literature. The authors offer a series of steps for analyzing spending, segmenting it into major commodity groups based on value to the enterprise and vulnerability, prioritizing these groups for purchasing and supply management efforts, and developing and executing purchasing strategies for them. Both the initial segmentation of commodity groups and the development of supply strategies for them involve use of cross-functional teams comprising experts in the commodity and its uses, as well as other stakeholders. The authors describe the makeup of these teams and their tasks and goals. Finally, the authors note that, although some activities are common to most supply strategies, no one process is likely to fit all enterprises and commodities. An approach that delivers the most rewards to the enterprise will require extensive analysis.

Purchasing --- Industrial procurement --- Business logistics --- United States. --- United States. --- Procurement. --- Procurement.