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Urban transport is a significant contributor to climate-warming greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in cities, with most urban transport emissions coming from cars. More than seventy percent of global carbon dioxide emissions come from cities, making mitigation efforts at the local level an important contributor to decarbonization. Urban transport also plays a fundamental role in the economic activity and welfare of urban citizens. Therefore, developing cities must find a way to continue to improve accessibility, while decoupling growth in travel demand from growth in GHG emissions. Affordable, safe, and convenient urban passenger mobility systems are critical for the welfare of urban residents, connecting people to jobs, education, health care, and recreation. This paper argues that cities in developing countries have a unique opportunity to preserve and encourage sustainable urban passenger mobility by building on their existing modal shares in public transport, walking, and biking the low carbon modes. Section 2 of this paper provides additional detail on key mobility and land use challenges that developing cities are facing. Section 3 outlines strategies to overcome the challenges. Section 4 summarizes the high-level takeaways and suggests a way forward for the international community to support city governments in providing better transport infrastructure, services, and enabling environments to ensure their long-term financial and environmental sustainability.
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This study explores the range of constraints to women's mobility and access to economic opportunities in six low-income areas of urban Latin America through the lens of agency. The study demonstrates that, apart from transport-related deficiencies, several factors at the community, household, and individual levels shape women's capacity to make and act upon decisions about their mobility. The study consists of five sections in addition to this introduction. Section two: authors discuss key findings from the literature on women's mobility and how they inform the study design; section three: authors briefly present the methodology; section four: authors describe the factors which shape women's Agency in Mobility and seek to show how these shape women's decisions regarding mobility and work; sections five and six: authors draw policy recommendations and conclusions.
Gender --- Labor Markets --- Labor Mobility --- Railways Transport --- Social Protections and Labor --- Transport --- Urban Development
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People living in cities have more mobility options than ever before. Making the most out of expanding travel choices for cities and their residents will require integration among different mobility services. Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) can provide an organizing framework for integrating multiple mobility options and shaping how they can work together to provide a more seamless travel experience and support broader development outcomes in developing cities. This report contextualizes the concept of Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) for cities in low- and middle-income countries, discussing how this powerful framework may advance sustainable mobility and development goals. To reap the greatest benefits, MaaS implementation requires government leadership, systematic thinking around societal goals, and new technical capabilities-all important capacities that may not be readily available in developing cities. To begin building these capacities, this publication discusses the critical issues involved in deploying MaaS from the perspectives of supply, demand, technology, business, and governance.
Digital Divide --- ICT Applications --- Information and Communication Technologies --- Information Technology --- Transport --- Urban Development --- Urban Economic Development
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