Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper explores the linkages between external sector reforms and public enterprise restructuring, paying attention to the role of the financial sector in ensuring the success of these reforms in the context of a comprehensive medium-term structural adjustment program. It discusses the arguments made in the academic literature on this issue, and analyzes how some countries—namely Algeria, Egypt, and Poland—have tackled reforms in these areas.

Banks and Banking --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy --- International Factor Movements: Other --- International Finance: Other --- Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: General --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Public Enterprises --- Public-Private Enterprises --- Public ownership --- nationalization --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Banking --- Civil service & public sector --- Public enterprises --- Commercial banks --- Public sector --- Exchange rate arrangements --- Exchange rate unification --- Economic sectors --- Financial institutions --- Government business enterprises --- Banks and banking --- Finance, Public --- Poland, Republic of --- Nationalization

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper integrates a two-period overlapping generations model with a standard two-sector Hecksher-Ohlin trade model and analyzes the impact of uncertainty on domestic investment in the exportable and importable sectors, the political economy linkages between trade and financial liberalization, and the implications for sequencing. Under certain assumptions financial liberalization leads to a movement of resources in the opposite direction to that implied by trade liberalization, thus defeating one of the objectives of tariff reform. When political economy linkages are taken into account, however, the indirect effects of financial liberalization may offset the direct effects and encourage a movement of resources in the desired direction.

Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Taxation --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- Investment --- Capital --- Intangible Capital --- Capacity --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects --- Public finance & taxation --- International economics --- Finance --- Tariffs --- Trade liberalization --- Domestic savings --- External debt --- Deposit rates --- Taxes --- International trade --- National accounts --- Financial services --- Tariff --- Commercial policy --- Saving and investment --- Debts, External --- Interest rates --- Jordan

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The Austrian economy has benefited substantially from the expansion of economic ties with Central and Eastern Europe, which has provided a significant boost to growth, productivity, competitiveness, profits and (more controversially) aggregate employment. Indeed, among the older EU member states, Austria has benefited the most from the transition of the Central and Eastern European countries from planned economies to market economies, and the subsequent entry into the EU of the ten new member states, mostly from Central and Eastern Europe, in 2004. However, important segments of the population in Austria, and in particular low-skilled and semi-skilled workers in the manufacturing sector, appear to have been adversely affected by these developments. There is thus a need for policy measures to help those segments of the workforce that have had difficulty coping with growing competition from Central and Eastern Europe. Furthermore, more can be done to make Austria a more attractive location for highly skilled and well qualified expatriate workers and to maintain Vienna’s position as a central hub for multinationals operating in the region. These include, in particular, the need to strengthen eastern transportation links and to reduce to a minimum bureaucratic hurdles and red tape for foreign enterprises seeking to operate out of Vienna.

Economics --- Austria

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

International oil producers have discovered commercially recoverable petroleum reserves of around 11 billion barrels that promise to transform Guyana's agricultural and mining economy into an oil powerhouse, while hopefully helping to diversify the non-oil economy. Oil production presents a momentous opportunity to boost inclusive growth and diversify the economy providing resources to address human development needs and infrastructure gaps. At the same time, it presents important policy challenges relating to effective and prudent management of the nation’s oil wealth. This study focusses on one of these challenges: the appropriate monetary policy and exchange rate framework for Guyana as it transitions to a major oil exporter.

Guyana --- Macroeconomics --- Economics: General --- Foreign Exchange --- Finance: General --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Central Banks and Their Policies --- Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy --- Factor Movement --- Foreign Exchange Policy --- International Financial Markets --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Economics of specific sectors --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Finance --- Exchange rate arrangements --- Exchange rate flexibility --- Exchange rates --- Exchange rate policy --- Currency markets --- Financial markets --- Currency crises --- Informal sector --- Economics --- Foreign exchange market

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper investigates the linkages between oil and growth in Congo, where there appears to be no evidence of direct spillover effects. The empirical results suggest however that political instability has a negative effect on non-oil growth, and that the presence of oil could have fueled political instability by being associated with weakening institutions. The results also show that fiscal discipline is beneficial for growth. In addition, there are strong linkages between world oil prices and the real effective exchange rate, with movements in the latter having important indirect repercussions for growth.

Electronic books. -- local. --- Oil industries -- Congo (Democratic Republic). --- Petroleum -- Congo (Democratic Republic). --- Business & Economics --- Industries --- Petroleum --- Oil industries --- Oilseed industry --- Coal-oil --- Crude oil --- Oil --- Petroleum industry and trade --- Caustobioliths --- Mineral oils --- Investments: Energy --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Industries: Energy --- Natural Resources --- Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: General --- Energy: General --- Energy: Demand and Supply --- Prices --- Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics --- Environmental and Ecological Economics: General --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Petroleum, oil & gas industries --- Investment & securities --- Environmental management --- Real effective exchange rates --- Oil sector --- Oil prices --- Natural resources --- Congo, Democratic Republic of the