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U.S. government vetting processes and procedures for public trust and national security positions are evolving to improve their effectiveness and to incorporate new technological capabilities. The rise of social media and other sources of information not historically used for vetting purposes are increasingly enhancing legacy vetting systems that otherwise might not uncover a prospective government employee's or contractor's propensity to cause harm to national security institutions. This reform effort is intended to protect government systems, information, and assets by ensuring aligned, effective, efficient, secure, and reciprocal processes to support a trusted federal workforce. The authors researched, reviewed, and assembled a selected bibliography of relevant literature related to government and other relevant vetting processes and procedures. The bibliography is organized into 13 categories, each containing a short summary and analysis of the respective literature. The bibliography addresses current U.S. government practices, policies, and procedures, as well as those of the United States' Five Eyes (FVEY) community partners (the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada), and it also highlights research conducted by others within the private sector and by academic institutions.

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U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) Directorate of Intelligence sought RAND Corporation assistance in developing a repeatable process to measure the effectiveness of its intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) operations to evaluate current performance and plan for, influence, and resource future operations. The authors of this report used a mixed set of methodologies for the analysis. They linked the effect CENTCOM wishes to achieve with its customer base to the five major roles assigned to ISR assets at CENTCOM. For each role, the authors identified CENTCOM-unique measures of effectiveness (MoEs) and measures of performance (MoPs) to evaluate the value and success of ISR support and requirements. They assessed the sufficiency of available data sources and identified new data required to complete the metrics, finding that MoPs must focus on outputs (quantitative) and MoEs on outcomes (qualitative) and that both sets of metrics must be defined in the context of their uses. Consideration of currently available data and databases uncovered issues with data heritage, curation, and volume that must be addressed to ensure that analytic outcomes using the data are reliable. Researchers provided an associated visualization tool to display the assessment results, which they determined to be the best way to allow analysts and other stakeholders to use the data to support decisionmaking.