Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Background: Historical accounts of psychiatric classifications have hitherto been written in terms of a 'received view'. This contains two assumptions, that: (i) the activity of classifying is inherent to the human mind; and (ii) psychiatric 'phenomena' are stable natural objects. Objectives: The aim of this article is to provide an outline of the evolution of psychiatric classifications from the perspective of conceptual history. This is defined as a theoretical and empirical inquiry into the principles, sortal techniques and contexts in which alienists carried out their task. It assumes that all psychiatric classifications are cultural products, and endeavours to answer the question of whether classificatory models imported from the natural sciences can be applied to man-made constructs (such as mental illness) definitionally based on 'personalised semantics'. Methods: Exemplars of classificatory activity are first mapped and contextualised. Then, it is suggested that in each historical period crafting classifications has been like playing a game of chess with each move being governed by rules. This is illustrated by offering an analysis of the 1860-1861 French debate on classification. Results and Conclusions: (1) Medicine is not a contemplative but a modificatory activity and hence classifications are only valuable if they can release new information about the object classified. (2) It should not be inferred from the fact that psychiatric classifications are not working well (i.e. that they only behave as actuarial devices) that they must be given up. Conceptual work needs to continue to identify 'invariants' (i.e. stable elements that anchor classifications to 'nature'. (3) Because mental disorders are more than unstable behavioural epiphenomena wrapped around stable molecular changes, 'neurobiological' invariants may not do. Stability depends upon time frames. Furthermore, it is unlikely that gene-based classifications will ever be considered as classifications of mental disorders. For once, they would have low predictive power because of their lack of information about the defining codes of mental illness. 'Social' and 'psychological' invariants have problems of their own.

Activity. --- Analysis. --- Classification. --- Disorder. --- Evolution. --- History. --- Human. --- Illness. --- Medicine. --- Method. --- Model. --- Models. --- Natural. --- Need. --- Needs. --- Object. --- Objects. --- Psychiatric classification. --- Psychiatry. --- Release. --- Social. --- Task. --- Time. --- Work.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Charting the history of the treatment of depression in the context of primary care, this title covers the period between 1940 and 2000.

Depression, Mental --- Primary care (Medicine) --- Primary medical care --- Medical care --- Dejection --- Depression, Unipolar --- Depressive disorder --- Depressive psychoses --- Melancholia --- Mental depression --- Unipolar depression --- Affective disorders --- Neurasthenia --- Neuroses --- Manic-depressive illness --- Melancholy --- Sadness --- Treatment --- History --- History of Medicine, 20th Cent. --- Primary Health Care --- Therapy. --- methods. --- Bipolar disorder --- Depressive Disorder --- therapy.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Memory complaints are a frequent feature of psychiatric disorder, even in the absence of organic disease. In this practical reference for the clinician, first published in 2000, German Berrios and John Hodges lead an international team of eminent psychiatrists, behavioural neurologists and clinical psychologists to focus on the psychiatric and organic aspects of memory disorders from the perspective of the multidisciplinary memory clinic. These disorders include organic syndromes such as the dementias, the amnesic syndrome and transient amnestic states, and also psychiatric aspects of memory disorders in the functional psychoses. Among the specific topics reviewed are the paramnesias, conditions such as déjà vu, flashbulb and flashback memories, and the problems of recovered, false and feigned memories. Throwing light on established conditions, and also introducing two new syndromes, this book makes a major contribution to the understanding and clinical management of memory disorders in psychiatry, neuropsychology and other disciplines.

Memory disorders. --- Neuropsychiatry.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Psychiatry has long struggled with the nature of its diagnoses. The problems raised by questions about the nature of psychiatric illness are particularly fascinating because they sit at the intersection of philosophy, empirical psychiatric/psychological research, measurement theory, historical tradition and policy. In being the only medical specialty that diagnoses and treats mental illness, psychiatry has been subject to major changes in the last 150 years. This book explores the forces that have shaped these changes and especially how substantial ""internal"" advances in our knowledge of the

Phenomenological psychology. --- Psychiatry --- Psychological phenomenology --- Psychology, Phenomenological --- Existential psychology --- Personality --- Phenomenology --- Psychology --- Philosophy. --- History --- Philosophy --- Psychiatry - History --- Psychiatry - Philosophy