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The understanding of landscape in the German-speaking area has some similarities with the discussions of the topic in other European languages and scientific communities, but there are some specifics. These specifics can be found both in the common sense understanding of landscape and in the history of scientific conceptualization. Special features of the common sense understanding lie on the one hand in the medieval roots, a strong romantic charge and the strong connection between home and landscape. With regard to the scientific examination of landscape, there are specific fractions and discontinuities in the German-speaking world. Contents • Theoretical Framing: the Creation of Landscape • The Genesis of the Landscape Concept in the German Language Regions – the Common Sense Understanding • The Concept of Landscape in Landscape-Related Sciences • Landscape Research in its Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Challenge About the Authors Dr. Karsten Berr works as a research assistant at the Department for Urban and Regional Development at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen. Dr. Dr. Olaf Kühne is professor for Urban and Regional Development at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen.

Landscapes --- Landscape architecture --- Countryside --- Landscape --- Natural scenery --- Scenery --- Scenic landscapes --- Nature --- Human geography. --- Sociology. --- Sociology, Urban. --- Cultural geography. --- Human Geography. --- Knowledge - Discourse. --- Urban Studies/Sociology. --- Cultural Geography. --- Human geography --- Urban sociology --- Cities and towns --- Social theory --- Social sciences --- Anthropo-geography --- Anthropogeography --- Geographical distribution of humans --- Social geography --- Anthropology --- Geography --- Human ecology --- Germany. --- Alemania --- Ashkenaz --- BRD --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh German Uls --- Bundesrepublik Deutschland --- Deguo --- Deutsches Reich --- Deutschland --- Doitsu --- Doitsu Renpō Kyōwakoku --- Federal Republic of Germany --- Federalʹna Respublika Nimechchyny --- FRN --- Gėrman --- German Uls --- Germania --- Germanii︠a︡ --- Germanyah --- Gjermani --- Grossdeutsches Reich --- Jirmānīya --- KhBNGU --- Kholboony Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh German Uls --- Nimechchyna --- Repoblika Federalin'i Alemana --- República de Alemania --- República Federal de Alemania --- Republika Federal Alemmana --- Vācijā --- Veĭmarskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Weimar Republic --- Weimarer Republik --- Germany (East) --- Germany (West) --- Europe

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Spätestens seit dem Erscheinen von Thomas Sieverts’ Buch über die »Zwischenstadt« (1997) mehren sich die Stimmen, dass die traditionelle Stadt-Land-Differenz als historisch überholt, empirisch aufgehoben, theoretisch unbrauchbar oder praktisch irrelevant einzustufen sei. Wenige Theoretiker wehren sich gegen diese Diagnose, viele wollen den vermeintlich unaufhaltsamen Verstädterungsprozess zumindest pragmatisch aktiv gestalten. Auch lassen sich empirisch einige Gegentendenzen zu diesem Prozess beobachten. So ergibt sich die Frage, wie die gegenwärtige Ratlosigkeit in der Theoriediskussion überwunden, was angesichts dieser Situation theoretisch noch geleistet werden kann. Leitfaden für mögliche Antworten auf diese Fragen ist die Idee, sich des kategorialen Status der Begriffe »Stadt« und »Land« erneut zu vergewissern. Die Frage ist, ob empirische Analysen allein weiterhelfen oder ob diese Begriffe eigens auf ihren normativen Gehalt und ihr gleichsam utopisches Potential hin befragt werden sollten. Damit ergeben sich im weiten Sinne politische Fragen nach der Gestaltung einer gemeinsam bewohnbaren Welt mit Städten und in demokratisch verfassten Gesellschaften.

City planning. --- Urbanization.

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The understanding of landscape in the German-speaking area has some similarities with the discussions of the topic in other European languages and scientific communities, but there are some specifics. These specifics can be found both in the common sense understanding of landscape and in the history of scientific conceptualization. Special features of the common sense understanding lie on the one hand in the medieval roots, a strong romantic charge and the strong connection between home and landscape. With regard to the scientific examination of landscape, there are specific fractions and discontinuities in the German-speaking world. Contents • Theoretical Framing: the Creation of Landscape • The Genesis of the Landscape Concept in the German Language Regions – the Common Sense Understanding • The Concept of Landscape in Landscape-Related Sciences • Landscape Research in its Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Challenge About the Authors Dr. Karsten Berr works as a research assistant at the Department for Urban and Regional Development at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen. Dr. Dr. Olaf Kühne is professor for Urban and Regional Development at the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen.

Sociology --- Environmental planning --- Social geography --- ruimtelijke ordening --- sociologie --- steden --- geografie

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Long description: Wie wollen und können wir die Zukunft gestalten? Wie die Herausforderungen, die technische Innovationen, Digitalisierung und Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) mit sich bringen, meistern? In diesem Band kommen Philosophen, Ingenieur- und Naturwissenschaftler ebenso zu Wort wie Juristen, Bildungswissenschaftler und Ökonomen. Sie alle blicken vom speziellen Standpunkt ihres Fachs auf die Gestaltung der Zukunft. Als Brücke erweist sich dabei die Philosophie, welche die verschiedenen Perspektiven verknüpft und eint. Das Selbstverständnis von APHIN, des wissenschaftlichen und gemeinnützigen Arbeitskreises philosophierender Ingenieure und Naturwissenschaftler, – die Offenheit für die Fragen und Probleme des jeweils anderen – ist damit in allen Beiträgen gegenwärtig. Biographical note: Karsten Berr hat Landespflege, Soziologie und Philosophie studiert und 2008 mit einer Arbeit über G.W.F. Hegel promoviert. Er ist wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter an der Universität Tübingen. Jürgen H. Franz hat nach dem Studium der Informationstechnik und Philosophie in beiden Bereichen promoviert. Er ist Abteilungsleiter am Deutschen Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt sowie Professor an der Hochschule Düsseldorf gewesen. Er lehrt an der Cusanus Hochschule und ist Vorsitzender von APHIN.

Philosophie --- Nachhaltigkeit --- Digitalisierung --- Technik --- Zukunft --- Naturwissenschaft --- Immanuel Kant --- Künstliche Intelligenz --- Epikur --- KI --- Transhumanismus --- Henri Bergson --- Zukunftsvisionen --- roboterethik --- autonome Fahrassistenzsysteme

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In the face of great challenges, utopian thinking is currently in vogue. The fact that utopias, with their ideas of an idealized target society, are not compatible with the basic features of an Open Society was already pointed out by Karl Popper in his book 'Die Offene Gesellschaft und ihre Feinde' (The Open Society and its Enemies) under the impression of National Socialism and Stalinism. In the present book, further forms of Closed Societies and the principal similarities (and differences) of their construction are examined. This is done by drawing on Ralf Dahrendorf's concept of life chances, in which he deals with the interaction of options and ligatures. The ambivalence of Dahrendorf's understanding of ligatures, since they restrict options on the one hand, but also give them meaning on the other, is resolved by a threefold differentiation: into ethical and moral, internally and externally directed, and explicit and implicit ligatures. While the former are capable of enabling life chances, the latter tend to limit them. Based on this, the authors elaborate on the landscape (side) consequences of different Closed Societies and how ill-suited they are for dealing with current challenges. The authors Dr. Dr. Olaf Kühne is professor of Urban and Regional Development at the University of Tübingen. Dr. Karsten Berr is a research associate in the research group on Urban and Regional Development at the University of Tübingen. Dr. Corinna Jenal is an academic councillor in the research group on Urban and Regional Development at the University of Tübingen.

Social sciences—Philosophy. --- Knowledge, Sociology of. --- Human geography. --- Cultural geography. --- Social Theory. --- Sociology of Knowledge and Discourse. --- Social and Cultural Geography. --- Human geography --- Anthropo-geography --- Anthropogeography --- Geographical distribution of humans --- Social geography --- Anthropology --- Geography --- Human ecology --- Knowledge, Theory of (Sociology) --- Sociology of knowledge --- Communication --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Public opinion --- Sociology --- Social epistemology --- Sociology. --- Utopias. --- Ideal states --- States, Ideal --- Utopian literature --- Political science --- Socialism --- Voyages, Imaginary --- Dystopias --- Social theory --- Social sciences