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This volume confronts an important historical hypothesis with empirical evidence from selected periods of history. The hypothesis in question states that competition among political and legal organisations in developing rules has been a crucial condition for liberty, innovation and growth in the history of mankind. It is due to Immanuel Kant, Edward Gibbon and Max Weber and has been revived and further developed by Nobel-Laureate Douglass C. North who contributes the first chapter. The volume brings together political economists, historians and legal scholars to discuss the role of political competition in the rise and decline of nations - both in theory and in a large number of case studies.

History of civilization --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- 330.35 --- Competition --- -Competition, International --- -Economic development --- -Free enterprise --- -Technological innovations --- -AA / International- internationaal --- 338.8 --- 331.101 --- Breakthroughs, Technological --- Innovations, Industrial --- Innovations, Technological --- Technical innovations --- Technological breakthroughs --- Technological change --- Creative ability in technology --- Inventions --- Domestication of technology --- Innovation relay centers --- Research, Industrial --- Technology transfer --- Free markets --- Laissez-faire --- Markets, Free --- Private enterprise --- Economic policy --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- International competition --- World economics --- International relations --- International trade --- War --- Competition (Economics) --- Competitiveness (Economics) --- Economic competition --- Commerce --- Conglomerate corporations --- Covenants not to compete --- Industrial concentration --- Monopolies --- Open price system --- Supply and demand --- Trusts, Industrial --- Economische groei. Kwantitatieve toename. Technische vooruitgang --zie ook {338.09} --- History --- Economische groei. --- Geschiedenis van de economische cyclussen. --- Economic aspects --- Competition, International --- Economic development --- Free enterprise --- Technological innovations --- History. --- 330.35 Economische groei. Kwantitatieve toename. Technische vooruitgang --zie ook {338.09} --- AA / International- internationaal --- Geschiedenis van de economische cyclussen --- Economische groei --- Competition [International ] --- Economics. --- Management science. --- Economics, general. --- Quantitative business analysis --- Management --- Problem solving --- Operations research --- Statistical decision --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man

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Applying a rational choice perspective, this book presents a dynamic theory of the evolution of totalitarian regimes and terrorism. By demonstrating that totalitarian regimes rest on ideologies involving supreme values that are assumed to be absolutely true, the author identifies the factors that lead to totalitarian regimes, and those that transform or abolish those regimes with time. The author addresses different ideologies, such as National Socialism, Communism, and religious movements; examines numerous historical cases of totalitarian regimes; and develops a formal, mathematical model of totalitarianism in the book’s closing chapter.

Political economy. --- Terrorism. --- Political violence. --- Economic theory. --- Welfare economics. --- Economics. --- Religion and sociology. --- Social Choice/Welfare Economics/Public Choice. --- Economic Theory/Quantitative Economics/Mathematical Methods. --- Political Economy. --- Terrorism and Political Violence. --- Sociology of Religion. --- Economic Systems. --- Totalitarianism. --- Acts of terrorism --- Attacks, Terrorist --- Global terrorism --- International terrorism --- Political terrorism --- Terror attacks --- Terrorist acts --- Terrorist attacks --- World terrorism --- Totalitarian state --- Direct action --- Insurgency --- Political crimes and offenses --- Subversive activities --- Political violence --- Terror --- Authoritarianism --- Collectivism --- Despotism --- Dictatorship --- Fascism --- National socialism --- Social Choice/Welfare Economics/Public Choice/Political Economy. --- International Political Economy. --- Political Economy/Economic Systems. --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Social policy --- Religion and society --- Religious sociology --- Society and religion --- Sociology, Religious --- Sociology and religion --- Sociology of religion --- Sociology --- Economic policy. --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Planning --- National security --- Violence --- Terrorism

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Comparative economics. --- Economics --- Economics. --- Political aspects.

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Currency question. --- Currency question. --- Foreign exchange. --- Foreign exchange. --- International liquidity. --- International liquidity. --- Währungskrise. --- Währungskrise. --- Währungssystem. --- Währungssystem. --- International Monetary Fund. --- International Monetary Fund.

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International finance --- World history --- anno 1800-1999