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In recent years, there has been an increasing recognition that significant welfare gains could be realized through deep forms of regional integration which entail harmonization of legal, regulatory and institutional frameworks. Reforms that reduce cross-border transaction costs and improve the performance of "backbone" infrastructure services are arguably even more important for the creation of an open, unified regional economic space than trade policy reforms narrowly defined. This paper assesses the potential gains from regionalized telecommunications policy in West Africa. To this end, the paper: (i) discusses how regional cooperation can overcome national limits in technical expertise, enhance the capacity of nations credibly to commit to stable regulatory policy, and ultimately facilitate infrastructure investment in the region; (ii) identifies trade-distorting regulations that inhibit opportunities for regional trade and economic development, and so are good candidates for regional trade negotiations to reduce indirect trade barriers; and (iii) describes substantive elements of a harmonized regional regulatory policy that can deliver immediate performance benefits.

Backbone --- Buyers --- E-Business --- Economic development --- Electricity --- Emerging Markets --- Environmental Economics and Policies --- Global Economy --- Harmonization --- ICT Policy and Strategies --- Information and Communication Technologies --- Institution --- Institutional frameworks --- International competitiveness --- International policy --- Internationalization --- Market share --- Networks --- Private Sector Development --- Private sectors --- Technical expertise --- Telecommunications --- Trade policy reforms --- Transaction --- Transport Economics, Policy and Planning --- Web --- Wireless technology

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The informal sector in West Africa has some distinctive characteristics. Informality usually connotes small and unorganized producers operating on the fringes of the formal economy. In West African countries, however, the normal situation is to some extent reversed: a dynamic informal sector dominates the stagnant formal economy. Moreover, in these countries, small operators coexist with very large and politically well-connected informal enterprises and well-organized networks. Notwithstanding its importance, there have been relatively few systematic studies of this dual feature of the informa

Africa, West -- Economic conditions -- 1960. --- Informal sector (Economics) -- Africa, French-speaking West. --- Small business -- Africa, French-speaking West. --- Informal sector (Economics) --- Small business --- Management --- Business & Economics --- Industrial Management --- Africa, West --- Economic conditions --- Businesses, Small --- Medium-sized business --- Micro-businesses --- Microbusinesses --- Microenterprises --- Small and medium-sized business --- Small and medium-sized enterprises --- Small businesses --- SMEs (Small business) --- Hidden economy --- Parallel economy --- Second economy --- Shadow economy --- Subterranean economy --- Underground economy --- Business --- Business enterprises --- Industries --- Artisans --- Economics --- Size