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This work studies aspects of the symbolic construction of public spaces by means of linguistic resources (i.e. linguistic landscapes or LLs) in a number of world-cities. The sociology of language leads us to this field and to study the intermingling impacts of globalization, the national principle and multiculturalism – each one conveying its own distinct linguistic markers: international codes, national languages and ethnic vernaculars. Eliezer and Miriam Ben-Rafael study the configurations of these influences, which they conceptualize as multiple globalization, in the LLs of downtowns, residential quarters, and marginal neighborhoods of a number of world-cities. They ask how far worldwide codes of communication gain preeminence, national languages are marginalized and ethnic vernaculars impactful. They conclude by suggesting a paradigm of multiple globalizations.

Public spaces --- Linguistics --- Sociology, Urban --- Multiculturalism --- Globalization --- Global cities --- Globalisation --- Internationalization --- International relations --- Anti-globalization movement --- Cultural diversity policy --- Cultural pluralism --- Cultural pluralism policy --- Ethnic diversity policy --- Social policy --- Anti-racism --- Ethnicity --- Cultural fusion --- Urban sociology --- Cities and towns --- Linguistic science --- Science of language --- Language and languages --- Public places --- Social areas --- Urban public spaces --- Urban spaces --- Social aspects --- Government policy --- E-books --- Sociology, Urban. --- Multiculturalism. --- Globalization. --- Social aspects.

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Linguistics

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