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This second volume in the series Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science brings a pragmatic perspective to the discussion of the unity of science. Contemporary philosophy and cognitive science increasingly acknowledge the systematic interrelation of language, thought and action. The principal function of language is to enable speakers to communicate their intentions to others, to respond flexibly in a social context and to act cooperatively in the world. This book will contribute to our understanding of this dynamic process by clearly presenting and discussing the most important hypotheses, issues and theories in philosophical and logical study of language, thought and action. Among the fundamental issues discussed are the rationality and freedom of agents, theoretical and practical reasoning, individual and collective attitudes and actions, the nature of cooperation and communication, the construction and conditions of adequacy of scientific theories, propositional contents and their truth conditions, illocutionary force, time, aspect and presupposition in meaning, speech acts within dialogue, the dialogical approach to logic and the structure of dialogues and other language games, as well as formal methods needed in logic or artificial intelligence to account for choice, paradoxes, uncertainty and imprecision. This volume contains major contributions by leading logicians, analytic philosophers, linguists and computer scientists. It will be of interest to graduate students and researchers from philosophy, logic, linguistics, cognitive science and artificial intelligence. There is no comparable survey in the existing literature.

Logic. --- Thought and thinking. --- Action theory. --- Argumentation --- Deduction (Logic) --- Deductive logic --- Dialectic (Logic) --- Logic, Deductive --- Intellect --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Science --- Reasoning --- Thought and thinking --- Methodology --- Goal-directed action --- Goal-directed behavior --- Theory, Action --- Sociology --- Mind --- Thinking --- Thoughts --- Educational psychology --- Logic --- Perception --- Psycholinguistics --- Self --- Social sciences. --- Philosophy (General). --- Computer science. --- Mathematics. --- Social Sciences, general. --- Linguistics, general. --- Philosophy, general. --- Computer Science, general. --- Mathematics, general. --- Math --- Informatics --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- Linguistics. --- Philosophy. --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- Linguistic science --- Science of language --- Language and languages

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Philosophy of language --- Pragmatics --- Question (Logic) --- Question-answering systems --- Formal languages --- Interrogation (Logique) --- Langages formels --- 681.3*I27 --- Artificial intelligence --- Problem solving --- Logic --- Formalization (Linguistics) --- Language and languages --- Machine theory --- Natural language processing: language generation; language models; language parsing and understanding; machine translation; speech recognition and under-standing; text analysis (Artificial intelligence) --- Formal languages. --- Question-answering systems. --- Question (Logic). --- 681.3*I27 Natural language processing: language generation; language models; language parsing and understanding; machine translation; speech recognition and under-standing; text analysis (Artificial intelligence) --- Logique mathématique

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In this text, the authors attempt to construct a logical analysis of human actions by focusing on actions based on choice. By looking at the 'stit' sentence, they provide formal semantics for 'stit' in terms of a time continuum.

Agent (Philosophy) --- Choice (Psychology) --- Free will and determinism. --- Compatibilism --- Determinism and free will --- Determinism and indeterminism --- Free agency --- Freedom and determinism --- Freedom of the will --- Indeterminism --- Liberty of the will --- Determinism (Philosophy) --- Psychology --- Agency (Philosophy) --- Agents --- Person (Philosophy) --- Act (Philosophy) --- Philosophy

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This monograph presents a detailed exposition of the formal theory of Branching Space-Times (BST). The theory presented here by Nuel Belnap, Thomas Müller, and Tomasz Placek describes how real possibilities can be anchored in a spatio-temporal world that is rudimentarily relativistic.

Space and time. --- Space of more than three dimensions --- Space-time --- Space-time continuum --- Space-times --- Spacetime --- Time and space --- Fourth dimension --- Infinite --- Metaphysics --- Philosophy --- Space sciences --- Time --- Beginning --- Hyperspace --- Relativity (Physics) --- Chaotic behavior in systems. --- Determinism (Philosophy) --- Chaos in systems --- Chaos theory --- Chaotic motion in systems --- Differentiable dynamical systems --- Dynamics --- Nonlinear theories --- System theory