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Free trade --- Peanuts

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Food security --- Food prices --- Demand (Economic theory) --- Mathematical models. --- United States.

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This book was initiated while the three major authors were at the Development Centre of Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in Paris, working on its program on economic growth, trade, and sustainability. We wish to thank the OECD Development Centre for its support. The book was completed during summer 2001 at the Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD) at Iowa State University. We appreciate the resources and financial support CARD provided for publication of this work. Sandra Clarke provided technical editing of the manuscripts and oversaw the indexing of the book; Becky Olson prepared the camera-ready copy of the final manuscript. We thank them for their instrumental help in these last steps. Part of the work presented in this volume previously appeared in some form in journals. The analysis of Chile presented in Chapter 6 appeared as “Growth, Trade, Pollution and Natural-Resource Use in Chile. Evidence from an Economywide Model,” Agricultural Economics 19(1998): 87-97; and as “Trade Integration, Environmental Degradation, and Public Health in Chile: Assessing the Linkages,” Environment and Development Economics, in press. The work on Costa Rica and Indonesia summarised in Chapter 10 appeared as “Is There a Trade-off Between Trade Liberalisation and Pollution Abatement in Costa Rica? A Computable General Equilibrium Assessment,” Journal of Policy Modeling 20(1): 11-31; and as “The Environment and Welfare Implications of Trade and Tax Policy,” Journal of Development Economics 52(1997): 65-82.

Developing countries -- Commercial policy -- Environmental aspects. --- Electronic books. -- local. --- Equilibrium (Economics). --- Globalization. --- Equilibrium (Economics) --- Globalization --- International Commerce --- Commerce --- Business & Economics --- International economics. --- Environmental economics. --- Economic growth. --- Public finance. --- Social sciences. --- International Economics. --- Environmental Economics. --- Economic Growth. --- Public Economics. --- Methodology of the Social Sciences. --- Developing countries --- Commercial policy --- Environmental aspects. --- Behavioral sciences --- Human sciences --- Sciences, Social --- Social science --- Social studies --- Civilization --- Cameralistics --- Public finance --- Public finances --- Currency question --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Environmental quality --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Foreign economic relations --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- International relations --- Economic sanctions --- Environmental aspects --- Economic aspects --- Global cities --- Globalisation --- Internationalization --- Anti-globalization movement --- DGE (Economics) --- Disequilibrium (Economics) --- DSGE (Economics) --- Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (Economics) --- Economic equilibrium --- General equilibrium (Economics) --- Partial equilibrium (Economics) --- SDGE (Economic theory) --- Emerging nations --- Fourth World --- Global South --- LDC's --- Least developed countries --- Less developed countries --- Newly industrialized countries --- Newly industrializing countries --- NICs (Newly industrialized countries) --- Third World --- Underdeveloped areas --- Underdeveloped countries

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This study analyzes the long-term impacts of large-scale expansion of biofuels on land-use change, food supply and prices, and the overall economy in various countries or regions using a global computable general equilibrium model, augmented by a land-use module and detailed representation of biofuel sectors. The study finds that an expansion of global biofuel production to meet currently articulated or even higher national targets in various countries for biofuel use would reduce gross domestic product at the global level; however, the gross domestic product impacts are mixed across countries or regions. The expansion of biofuels would cause significant land re-allocation with notable decreases in forest and pasture lands in a few countries. The results also suggest that the expansion of biofuels would cause a reduction in food supply. Although the magnitude of the impact on food supply at the global level is not as large as perceived earlier, it would be significant in developing countries like India and those in Sub-Saharan Africa. Agricultural commodities such as sugar, corn, and oil seeds, which serve as the main biofuel feedstocks, would experience significant increases in their prices in 2020 compared with the prices at baseline due to the expansion of biofuels to meet the existing targets.

Agribusiness --- Cities --- Crops & Crop Management Systems --- Developing countries --- Economic change --- Energy --- Food & Beverage Industry --- Global trade --- Oil --- Renewable Energy --- Science and Technology Development --- Wetlands