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A small number of signaling pathways, no more than a dozen or so, form a control layer that is responsible for all signaling in and between cells of the human body. The signaling proteins belonging to the control layer determine what kinds of cells are made during development and how they function during adult life. Malfunctions in the proteins belonging to the control layer are responsible for a host of human diseases ranging from neurological disorders to cancers. Most drugs target components in the control layer, and difficulties in drug design are intimately related to the architecture of the control layer. Molecular and Cellular Signaling provides an introduction to molecular and cellular signaling in biological systems with an emphasis on the underlying physical principles. The text is aimed at upper-level undergraduates, graduate students and individuals in medicine and pharmacology interested in broadening their understanding of how cells regulate and coordinate their core activities and how diseases arise when these regulatory systems malfunction, as well as those in chemistry, physics and computer science interested in pursuing careers in biological and medical physics, bioinformatics and systems biology. To that end, the book includes background information and review sections, and chapters on signaling in the immune, endocrine (hormonal) and nervous systems. It has chapters on cancer, apoptosis and gene regulation, and contains chapters on bacteria and viruses. In those chapters not specifically devoted to pathogens, connections between diseases, drugs and signaling are made. Each chapter also features a problem set to facilitate further discussion and understanding. About the Author: Martin Beckerman, Ph.D. is Senior Scientist at the Center forMartin Beckerman, PhD, is a senior research scientist at the Department of Energy/National Nuclear Security Administration’s Y-12 National Security Complex in Oak Ridge, TN. Prior to assuming his current position at the Y-12 NSC, Dr. Beckerman held teaching and research positions at the Weizmann Institute of Science, the University of Rochester, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the University of Tennessee and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. He has authored over 130 publications and has been included in 1400 citations.

Cellular signal transduction. --- Cellular information transduction --- Information transduction, Cellular --- Signal transduction, Cellular --- Bioenergetics --- Cellular control mechanisms --- Information theory in biology --- Cytology. --- Medicine. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Biochemistry. --- Biological and Medical Physics, Biophysics. --- Cell Biology. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Medicine --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Composition --- Health Workforce --- Biophysics. --- Biological physics. --- Cell biology. --- Molecular biology. --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology --- Biological physics --- Physics --- Cellular signal transduction --- 577.35 --- 577.35 Biophysics of living systems --- Biophysics of living systems --- Biomedical Research. --- Research. --- Biological research --- Biomedical research

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This unique text introduces students and researchers to the world of misfolded proteins, toxic oligomers, and amyloid assemblages, and the diseases of the brain that result. During the past few years the connections between failures in protein quality control and neurological disorders have been reinforced and strengthened by discoveries on multiple fronts. These findings provide novel insights on how amyloidogenic oligomers and fibrils form, interconvert from one state to another, and propagate from cell to cell and region to region. Starting with protein folding and protein quality control basics, the reader will learn how misfolded proteins can cause diseases ranging from prion diseases to Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease to Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Authoritative but written in a clear and engaging style, Fundamentals of Neurodegeneration and Protein Misfolding Disorders addresses one of today’s forefront areas of science and medicine. The text emphasizes the new groundbreaking biophysical and biochemical methods that enable molecular-level explorations and the conceptual breakthroughs that result. It contains separate chapters on each of the major disease classes. Special emphasis is placed on those factors and themes that are common to the diseases, especially failures in synaptic transmission, mitochondrial control, and axonal transport; breakdowns in RNA processing; the potential role of environmental factors; and the confounding effects of neuroinflammation. The book is ideal for use in teaching at the advanced undergraduate and graduate levels, and serves as a comprehensive reference for a broad audience of students and researchers in neuroscience, molecular biology, biological physics and biomedical engineering.

Neurology --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Medicine. --- Neurosciences. --- Medicinal chemistry. --- Neurology. --- Proteins. --- Biophysics. --- Biological physics. --- Biomedical engineering. --- Biomedicine. --- Biophysics and Biological Physics. --- Protein Science. --- Biomedical Engineering. --- Medicinal Chemistry. --- Biochemistry. --- Biological and Medical Physics, Biophysics. --- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering. --- Clinical engineering --- Medical engineering --- Bioengineering --- Biophysics --- Engineering --- Nervous system --- Neuropsychiatry --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Diseases --- Composition --- Pharmaceutical chemistry. --- Proteins . --- Neurology . --- Chemistry, Medical and pharmaceutical --- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical --- Drug chemistry --- Drugs --- Medical chemistry --- Medicinal chemistry --- Pharmacochemistry --- Proteids --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics --- Biological physics --- Physics

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This unique text introduces students and researchers to the world of misfolded proteins, toxic oligomers, and amyloid assemblages, and the diseases of the brain that result. During the past few years the connections between failures in protein quality control and neurological disorders have been reinforced and strengthened by discoveries on multiple fronts. These findings provide novel insights on how amyloidogenic oligomers and fibrils form, interconvert from one state to another, and propagate from cell to cell and region to region. Starting with protein folding and protein quality control basics, the reader will learn how misfolded proteins can cause diseases ranging from prion diseases to Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease to Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Authoritative but written in a clear and engaging style, Fundamentals of Neurodegeneration and Protein Misfolding Disorders addresses one of today’s forefront areas of science and medicine. The text emphasizes the new groundbreaking biophysical and biochemical methods that enable molecular-level explorations and the conceptual breakthroughs that result. It contains separate chapters on each of the major disease classes. Special emphasis is placed on those factors and themes that are common to the diseases, especially failures in synaptic transmission, mitochondrial control, and axonal transport; breakdowns in RNA processing; the potential role of environmental factors; and the confounding effects of neuroinflammation. The book is ideal for use in teaching at the advanced undergraduate and graduate levels, and serves as a comprehensive reference for a broad audience of students and researchers in neuroscience, molecular biology, biological physics and biomedical engineering.

Chemical structure --- Chemistry --- General biophysics --- Human biochemistry --- Clinical chemistry --- Neuropathology --- Biotechnology --- medische chemie --- medische biochemie --- biofysica --- neurologie --- protein-engineering --- bio-engineering --- hersenen --- biotechnologie --- eiwitten --- proteïnen

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In today's world, three great classes of non-infectious diseases - the metabolic syndromes (such as type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis), the cancers, and the neurodegenerative disorders - have risen to the fore. These diseases, all associated with increasing age of an individual, have proven to be remarkably complex and difficult to treat. This is because, in large measure, when the cellular signaling pathways responsible for maintaining homeostasis and health of the body become dysregulated, they generate equally stable disease states. As a result the body may respond positively to a drug, but only for a while and then revert back to the disease state. Cellular Signaling in Health and Disease summarizes our current understanding of these regulatory networks in the healthy and diseased states, showing which molecular components might be prime targets for drug interventions. This is accomplished by presenting models that explain in mechanistic, molecular detail how a particular part of the cellular signaling web operates properly in health and improperly in disease. The stability of the health- and disease-associated states is dynamic and supported by multiple feedback loops acting positively and negatively along with linkages between pathways. During the past few years an ongoing series of important discoveries have been made that advance our understanding of how the body works and may guide us on how to better deal with these diseases. These include the discovery of chronic inflammation as a causal factor in all of these disease classes, the appearance of reactive oxygen species as a messenger molecule that can act both positively and negatively, the propensity of proteins to misfold into aggregation- and disease-prone forms, and the rise of epigenetics including the emergence of small non-coding RNA with important regulatory functions out of the so-called junk RNA. Chapters are devoted to each of these classes of findings with additional details integrated into the chapters dealing directly with the diseases. The connections responsible for maintaining stability are explored in depth.

Histology. Cytology --- General biochemistry --- Molecular biology --- General biophysics --- Human biochemistry --- medische biochemie --- biofysica --- biochemie --- cytologie --- histologie --- moleculaire biologie

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Nuclear reactors --- Réacteurs nucléaires --- Safety measures. --- Sécurité --- Mesures