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Nowadays, there is an ever-growing interest in risk and safety management within organizations in the industrial world, which is translated into implementation of good practices in order to minimize risks as much as possible. This risk awareness can also be found in the academic sector, and more precisely in research laboratories whose core activity generates risks However, although risk awareness is arising, there is a tendency to neglect the human factor against organizational and technical aspects of safety management. Yet in order to execute an efficient safety management, the organization has to understand risk perception and the attitude towards risks to which its staff is exposed. Moreover, the gender dimension within the safety management has never been explored so far. This study aims at measuring the risk perception and attitudes towards risks of laboratory technologists in five laboratories of the University of Liège, belonging to the Medicine Faculty and the Applied Sciences Faculty. The final purpose is to determine whether or not the risk perception among experts will vary according to their gender, and what it would involve for the safety management. This exploratory project thesis is organized as follows: the first chapters will be dedicated to clarifying the different concepts that will be used all along this study, such as security management and risk perception. Then, this work will be contextualized by exposing the particular context of the academic sector, and more specifically the research laboratories. Once these theoretical bases are in place, the fourth chapter will be devoted to presenting this explanatory research thesis as a project before laying out the methodology adopted as part of this work. Finally, chapter five will start the empirical study which will be constructed in two parts: a quantitative survey, followed by a qualitative analysis based on interviews. Following the presentation of variables which appeared to be linked to the risk perception, a few recommendations will be provided regarding safety management before concluding on the matter.
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Wideband radiating cables are first briefly theoretically studied. Then, the finite element method is implemented in the softwares GMSH/GetDP in order to compute the radiation pattern of the cable for different types of geometries and frequencies. Experiments are made and the results are compared to the simulations.
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L’environnement électromagnétique n’a cessé de croître durant ces dernières années. Il est la résultante des nombreuses évolutions technologiques comme le développement du transport de l’électricité, l’arrivée des GSM, du wifi, du réseau 3G et 4G,... Cette augmentation d’ondes va soulever de nombreuses polémiques au sein de la population et les représentations sociales qu’ils se font du problème vont être diverses et souvent opposées. Pour répondre à toutes ces inquiétudes, des solutions peuvent être proposées par les architectes. Ils ont la possibilité d’agir sur la perméabilité ou l’imperméabilité de leur projet face aux ondes électromagnétiques en travaillant sur l’implantation, les matériaux, la mise en forme et l’aménagement intérieur du bâtiment. En intervenant sur ces quatre outils de conception architecturaux, ils peuvent apporter des réponses concrètes aux questions soulevées par la société.
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Melexis is a Belgian supplier of microelectronics components mainly active in the automotive area. The project is focused on the robotic field to let the company approach this new domain. It consists on designing motors controllers for a robotic arm using BLDC motors. A major constraint is to control accurately the motors position. As a basis, a robot from another company is used. A reverse engineering is performed on this one and all the electronic part is build from scratch with existing Melexis chips. The project is divided into two sections. Namely, the hardware design of the motor controllers and the modeling of a magnet for the positioning of the motors. For the hardware design, the motor controllers are conceived with Melexis components. They are then assembled and tested to ensure the proper working of those ones. To measure the position of the motors, a magnet as well as magnetic sensors are used. Firstly, the position of the motors as well as the accuracy of the system are computed with the data from the sensors. Then, the same computations are made with the data from the simulations of the magnet. It allows to compare the two results and to notice the difference between them. The obtained results show that the positioning accuracy with the experimental data reach a better level than the accuracy from the simulations. The results got by simulations can also be used to tests other configurations without developing new PCB. The impact of the presence of a parasitic magnetic field, the size and the material of the magnet or the position of the sensors can be visualized quite easily. With the PCB, some improvements can be done but the achieved accuracy shows that it is possible to reach an accurate system. With the simulations, the error in the computed position is bigger but the position of the motor can also be found. The final aim of the robot is to be used as a demo for potential customers. This demo will show what the Melexis components can perform in the robotic area. Melexis est un fabricant belge de composants micro´electroniques principalement actif dans le secteur automobile. Ce projet est cependant ax´e sur le domaine de la robotique afin d’introduire celui-ci dans l’entreprise. Il consiste `a concevoir des contrˆoleurs de moteurs pour un bras robotique utilisant des moteurs BLDC. La contrainte majeur ´etant de controller la position des moteurs de la fa¸con la plus pr´ecise. Un robot provenant d’une entreprise externe est utilis´e comme base. De la reverse engineering est effectu´ee sur celui-ci afin de recr´eer de nouveaux controlleurs utilisant des composants Melexis. Le projet est decompos´e en deux parties distinctes. La premiere partie consiste `a designer l’hardware des controlleurs. Dans la deuxi`eme partie, un aimant servant a positionner pr´ecisement les moteurs est modelis´e. Pour la premiere partie, les controlleurs de moteurs sont con¸cus `a l’aide de composants Melexis. Ils sont ensuite assembl´e et test´e afin de s’assurer du fonctionnement correct de ceux-ci. Pour mesurer la position du moteur, un aimant ainsi que des capteurs magn´etiques sont utilis´es. Tout d’abord, la position des moteurs ainsi que la pr´ecision du systˆeme de positionnement sont d´etermin´ees `a partir des donn´ees des capteurs. Ensuite, les mˆemes mesures sont effectu´ees `a partir des simulations. Ces r´esultats permettent d’effectuer une comparaison entre ceux-ci et de souligner leur diff´erence. Il est montr´e que la pr´ecision obtenue `a partir des donn´ees exp´erimentale atteint un niveau plus elev´e que celle obtenue par simulation. Les r´esultats obtenus par simulations peuvent ˆetre ´egalement utilis´e pour tester de nouvelles configurations sans devoir developper de nouveaux PCB. L’impact de la pr´esence d’un champs magn´etique parasitique, la taille et le mat´eriaux de l’aimant ainsi que la position des capteurs peuvent ˆetre visualis´e plus facilement. Pour les PCB, la pr´ecision obtenue montre qu’il est possible d’atteindre un systˆeme de positionnement pr´ecis. Au niveau des simulations, les erreurs obtenues pour le calcul de la position du moteur restent plus grande mais la position peut malgr´e tout ˆetre obtenue. L’objectif final du projet sera d’utiliser le robot comme d´emo pour de potentiels clients. Celle-ci montrera les performances atteintes par les composants dans un domaine robotique.
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