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The success of military operations, the safeguarding of national interests and the discipline of the troops within the overall context of the rule of law have always presented great concerns for national armed forces. Nowadays, military justice faces several issues and criticisms. The prospect of ‘high-intensity’ warfare in Europe, battlefield robotisation, augmented soldiers, artificial intelligence and other present and potential future technological developments are new contemporary challenges for military justice and military criminal law. Also, the constant pressure for the ‘civilianisation’ of military justice systems since the 17th century, which implies bringing civilian and military justice closer together or even merging the two legal systems, is another issue to be addressed. A further challenge involves using mercenaries and auxiliaries on the battlefield, which blurs the lines and undermines the respect of the law of armed conflict as well as makes the application of the national rules of military justice difficult. What are the legal and political foundations of military justice ? How does it function ? How to improve it and reform it ? What does the future hold for military law and military justice ? What can we learn from history ? Indeed, historical research can help us understand the different ways in which military justice systems have been constructed, have evolved and functioned, particularly in wartime, while comparative law may be useful in understanding the great variety of military justice systems around the world. This volume brings together major contributions to the 1st International Military Justice Forum, which convened on 18 and 19 November 2021 in Paris, hosted by the Court of cassation, the French Judicial Supreme Court, and the Hotel des Invalides, a historical place for the French Military Forces.

Comparative law --- Law of armed conflicts. Humanitarian law

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Des parlementaires des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, l’historiographie retient avant tout l’image de magistrats souverains, jaloux de leurs prérogatives judiciaires, de leur prestige et dont l’histoire publique est d’abord faite de complexes relations avec la monarchie. En les plaçant au cœur de l’analyse comme acteurs de la vie locale et provinciale, les auteurs de ce livre, historiens du droit et historiens modernistes, proposent un déplacement du regard de l’institution vers les hommes qui l’incarnent et la font vivre. Sortis de leur face à face avec la Monarchie, les parlementaires, entendus tant comme groupe que comme ensemble d’individualités, se révèlent des interlocuteurs incontournables des municipalités, des intendants, des gouverneurs ou des États provinciaux mais aussi des agents actifs d’une identité provinciale. Cette démarche invite à considérer la ville et la province comme lieux d’exercice de la fonction mais aussi comme lieux de vie de cette élite dont il s’agit dès lors de mesurer le poids politique, social et économique. Isolément, aucune de ces perspectives n’était inexplorée, cependant l’évolution de la recherche montre l’intérêt de rouvrir le dossier en reformulant les interrogations mais aussi en croisant ces diverses perspectives.

Magistrat --- XVIIe-XVIIIe s., 1601-1800 --- Province --- Histoire locale --- Colloque --- France --- Douai --- Legislative bodies --- Parlements --- History. --- Histoire --- History --- Political Science --- parlementaire --- député --- pouvoir --- république --- représentation politique