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Introduction and Scope—During the last few decades, an enormous effort has been made to understand corrosion phenomena and their mechanisms, and to elucidate the causes that dramatically influence the service lifetime of metal materials. The performance of metal materials in aggressive environments is critical for a sustainable society. The failure of the material in service impacts the economy, the environment, health, and society. In this regard, corrosion-based economic losses due to maintenance, repair, and the replacement of existing structures and infrastructure account for up to 4% of gross domestic product (GDP) in well developed countries. One of the biggest issues in corrosion engineering is estimating service lifetime. Corrosion prediction has become very difficult, as there is no direct correlation with service lifetime and experimental lab results, usually as a result of discrepancies between accelerated testing and real corrosion processes. It is of major interest to forecast the impact of corrosion-based losses on society and the global economy, since existing structures and infrastructure are becoming old, and crucial decisions now need to be made to replace them. On the other hand, environmental protocols seek to reduce greenhouse effects. Therefore, low emission policies, in force, establish regulations for the next generation of materials and technologies. Advanced technologies and emergent materials will enable us to get through the next century. Great advances are currently in progress for the development of corrosion-resistant metal materials for different sectors, such as energy, transport, construction, and health. This Special Issue on the corrosion and protection of metals is focused on current trends in corrosion science, engineering, and technology, ranging from fundamental to applied research, thus covering subjects related to corrosion mechanisms and modelling, protection and inhibition processes, and mitigation strategies.

History of engineering & technology --- high interstitial alloy --- molybdenum --- pitting corrosion --- passive film --- Cu-Mg alloy --- conform --- surface nanocrystallization --- corrosion resistance --- corrosion --- spring steel --- shot peening --- Mott–Schottky analysis --- point defect --- alloy --- magnesium --- SEM-EDS --- EIS --- mass loss --- corrosion layers --- duplex stainless steel --- intergranular corrosion --- stress corrosion cracking --- CPT --- DL-EPR --- aluminum --- heat exchanger --- galvanic corrosion --- simulation --- polarization --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy --- high velocity oxy fuel coatings --- iron aluminide --- titanium carbide --- atmospheric corrosion --- strain measurement --- mild steel --- corrosion product --- residual stress --- AC current density --- crystallographic texture --- intergranular and transgranular cracks --- brass --- CuZn36Pb2As --- CuZn21Si3P --- dezincification --- simulated drinking water --- long immersion --- mortar --- reinforcement --- lean duplex --- stainless steel --- chloride --- alkalinity --- microstructure --- anodic polarization --- ISO 9223 --- corrosivity categories --- predictive models --- archipelagic regions --- Canary Islands --- X70 steel --- stress corrosion cracking (SCC) --- slow strain rate tests (SSRT) --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) --- cathodic potentials --- Atmospheric corrosion --- corrosion rates --- exposure angle --- orientation angle --- carbon steel --- double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL−EPR) --- sensitization --- ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) --- Inconel 718 --- n/a --- Mott-Schottky analysis

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Introduction and Scope—During the last few decades, an enormous effort has been made to understand corrosion phenomena and their mechanisms, and to elucidate the causes that dramatically influence the service lifetime of metal materials. The performance of metal materials in aggressive environments is critical for a sustainable society. The failure of the material in service impacts the economy, the environment, health, and society. In this regard, corrosion-based economic losses due to maintenance, repair, and the replacement of existing structures and infrastructure account for up to 4% of gross domestic product (GDP) in well developed countries. One of the biggest issues in corrosion engineering is estimating service lifetime. Corrosion prediction has become very difficult, as there is no direct correlation with service lifetime and experimental lab results, usually as a result of discrepancies between accelerated testing and real corrosion processes. It is of major interest to forecast the impact of corrosion-based losses on society and the global economy, since existing structures and infrastructure are becoming old, and crucial decisions now need to be made to replace them. On the other hand, environmental protocols seek to reduce greenhouse effects. Therefore, low emission policies, in force, establish regulations for the next generation of materials and technologies. Advanced technologies and emergent materials will enable us to get through the next century. Great advances are currently in progress for the development of corrosion-resistant metal materials for different sectors, such as energy, transport, construction, and health. This Special Issue on the corrosion and protection of metals is focused on current trends in corrosion science, engineering, and technology, ranging from fundamental to applied research, thus covering subjects related to corrosion mechanisms and modelling, protection and inhibition processes, and mitigation strategies.

History of engineering & technology --- high interstitial alloy --- molybdenum --- pitting corrosion --- passive film --- Cu-Mg alloy --- conform --- surface nanocrystallization --- corrosion resistance --- corrosion --- spring steel --- shot peening --- Mott-Schottky analysis --- point defect --- alloy --- magnesium --- SEM-EDS --- EIS --- mass loss --- corrosion layers --- duplex stainless steel --- intergranular corrosion --- stress corrosion cracking --- CPT --- DL-EPR --- aluminum --- heat exchanger --- galvanic corrosion --- simulation --- polarization --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy --- high velocity oxy fuel coatings --- iron aluminide --- titanium carbide --- atmospheric corrosion --- strain measurement --- mild steel --- corrosion product --- residual stress --- AC current density --- crystallographic texture --- intergranular and transgranular cracks --- brass --- CuZn36Pb2As --- CuZn21Si3P --- dezincification --- simulated drinking water --- long immersion --- mortar --- reinforcement --- lean duplex --- stainless steel --- chloride --- alkalinity --- microstructure --- anodic polarization --- ISO 9223 --- corrosivity categories --- predictive models --- archipelagic regions --- Canary Islands --- X70 steel --- stress corrosion cracking (SCC) --- slow strain rate tests (SSRT) --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) --- cathodic potentials --- Atmospheric corrosion --- corrosion rates --- exposure angle --- orientation angle --- carbon steel --- double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL−EPR) --- sensitization --- ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) --- Inconel 718 --- high interstitial alloy --- molybdenum --- pitting corrosion --- passive film --- Cu-Mg alloy --- conform --- surface nanocrystallization --- corrosion resistance --- corrosion --- spring steel --- shot peening --- Mott-Schottky analysis --- point defect --- alloy --- magnesium --- SEM-EDS --- EIS --- mass loss --- corrosion layers --- duplex stainless steel --- intergranular corrosion --- stress corrosion cracking --- CPT --- DL-EPR --- aluminum --- heat exchanger --- galvanic corrosion --- simulation --- polarization --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy --- high velocity oxy fuel coatings --- iron aluminide --- titanium carbide --- atmospheric corrosion --- strain measurement --- mild steel --- corrosion product --- residual stress --- AC current density --- crystallographic texture --- intergranular and transgranular cracks --- brass --- CuZn36Pb2As --- CuZn21Si3P --- dezincification --- simulated drinking water --- long immersion --- mortar --- reinforcement --- lean duplex --- stainless steel --- chloride --- alkalinity --- microstructure --- anodic polarization --- ISO 9223 --- corrosivity categories --- predictive models --- archipelagic regions --- Canary Islands --- X70 steel --- stress corrosion cracking (SCC) --- slow strain rate tests (SSRT) --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) --- cathodic potentials --- Atmospheric corrosion --- corrosion rates --- exposure angle --- orientation angle --- carbon steel --- double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL−EPR) --- sensitization --- ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) --- Inconel 718

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This book details the application of advanced characterisation techniques and diagnostic tools to heritage science, including the evaluation of heritage assets’ condition, their preservation and restoration. It examines the use of electrochemical techniques in conservation science, with a particular focus on how to solve problems in taking on-site measurements. Specifically, it introduces readers to a new gel polymer (GPE) electrochemical cell developed by the authors for the characterisation of metallic heritage objects. Other techniques used to characterise and monitor reinforced concrete objects in more modern buildings are also covered, including non-destructive electrochemical techniques that allow steel corrosion to be assessed in these structures, and in those that are used to protect and repair such buildings. The usefulness of the NMR-Mouse nuclear magnetic resonance sensor in the assessment and preservation of softer heritage materials, such as wood, parchment, bone, and painted walls, is covered, as well as Infrared reflectography for examining paintings and laser cleaning for restoring them. The book introduces ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (u-HPLC) with a diode-array (DAD) and mass–mass (MS-MS) quadruple time-of-flight spectroscopy (QTOF). This new technique can be applied to the analysis and identification of natural and synthetic organic pigments and its use is demonstrated in several case studies. This book provides a rigorous scientific grounding in the application of state-of-the-art techniques in heritage science and conservation, and offers a practical handbook for practitioners.

Sociology of cultural policy --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Spectrometric and optical chemical analysis --- Materials sciences --- Building design --- Building materials. Building technology --- massaspectrometrie --- cultureel erfgoed --- materiaalkennis --- oppervlakte-onderzoek --- bouwkunde --- bouwmaterialen --- LC (liquid chromatography) --- polymeren --- chromatografie --- HPLC (high power liquid chromatography)