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This book provides an up-to-date, comprehensive treatment of the variables and processes of microclimate and local climate, including radiation balance and energy balance. It describes and explains the climate within the lower atmosphere and upper soil, the region critical to life on Earth. Topics that are covered include not only the physical processes that affect microclimate, but also biological processes that affect vegetation and animals, including people. A geographic tour of the microclimates of the major ecosystems around the world is included. All major biomes and surface types, including urban areas, are examined, and the effects of climate change on microclimate are described. This book is invaluable for advanced students and researchers in climatology in departments of environmental science, geography, meteorology, agricultural science, and forestry.

Microclimatology. --- Climatology. --- Micrometeorology. --- Ecology.

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Meteorology. Climatology --- 551.5 --- Meteorology --- 551.5 Meteorology --- Atmospheric physics --- Climatology --- Aerology --- Earth sciences --- Atmosphere --- Climate --- Climate science --- Science of climate --- Aerophysics --- Atmospheric sciences --- Physical meteorology --- Geophysics --- Atmospheric science --- Climate sciences --- Meteorology, Physical

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This is the first textbook to address all the components of the Earth's cryosphere - all forms of snow and ice, both terrestrial and marine. It provides a concise but comprehensive summary of snow cover, glaciers, ice sheets, lake and river ice, permafrost, sea ice and icebergs - their past history and projected future state. It is designed for courses at upper undergraduate and graduate level in environmental science, geography, geology, glaciology, hydrology, water resource engineering and ocean sciences. It also provides a superb up-to-date summary for researchers of the cryosphere. The book includes an extensive bibliography, numerous figures and color plates, thematic boxes on selected topics and a glossary. The book builds on courses taught by the authors for many decades at the University of Colorado and the University of Alberta. Whilst there are many existing texts on individual components of the cryosphere, no other textbook covers the whole cryosphere.

Cryosphere --- Cold regions --- Glaciers --- Ice sheets --- History --- History. --- Glacial ice covers --- Ice covers, Glacial --- Ice mantles --- Mantles, Ice --- Sheets, Ice --- Ice caps --- Ice shelves --- Ice --- Glaciology --- Meltwater --- Chinosphere --- Earth (Planet) --- Cryosphere - History --- Cold regions - History --- Glaciers - History --- Ice sheets - History

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The polar regions are the 'canary in the coal mine' of climate change: they are likely to be hit the hardest and fastest. This comprehensive textbook provides an accessible introduction to the scientific study of polar environments against a backdrop of climate change and the wider global environment. The book assembles diverse information on polar environmental characteristics in terrestrial and oceanic domains, and describes the ongoing changes in climate, the oceans, and components of the cryosphere. Recent significant changes in the polar region caused by global warming are explored: shrinking Arctic sea ice, thawing permafrost, accelerating loss of mass from glaciers and ice sheets, and rising ocean temperatures. These rapidly changing conditions are discussed in the context of the paleoclimatic history of the polar regions from the Eocene to the Anthropocene. Future projections for these regions during the twenty-first century are discussed. The text is illustrated with many color figures and tables, and includes further reading lists, review questions for each chapter, and a glossary.

Environmental monitoring --- Polar regions --- Arctic regions --- Antarctica --- Environmental conditions --- Antarctic regions --- Arctic --- Arctic Ocean Region --- Arctic, The --- Far North --- The Arctic --- Cold regions --- Environmental conditions. --- Environmental monitoring - Polar regions --- Polar regions - Environmental conditions --- Arctic regions - Environmental conditions --- Antarctica - Environmental conditions

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Recent studies indicate that - due to climate change - the Earth is undergoing rapid changes in all cryospheric components, including polar sea ice shrinkage, mountain glacier recession, thawing permafrost, and diminishing snow cover. This book provides a comprehensive summary of all components of the Earth's cryosphere, reviewing their history, physical and chemical characteristics, geographical distributions, and projected future states. This new edition has been completely updated throughout, and provides state-of-the-art data from GlobSnow-2 CRYOSAT, ICESAT, and GRACE. It includes a comprehensive summary of cryospheric changes in land ice, permafrost, freshwater ice, sea ice, and ice sheets. It discusses the models developed to understand cryosphere processes and predict future changes, including those based on remote sensing, field campaigns, and long-term ground observations. Boasting an extensive bibliography, over 120 figures, and end-of-chapter review questions, it is an ideal resource for students and researchers of the cryosphere.

Cryosphere --- Cold regions --- Glaciers --- Ice sheets --- History --- Cryosphère --- Inlandsis --- History. --- Histoire --- Régions froides --- Cryosphere - History --- Cold regions - History --- Glaciers - History --- Ice sheets - History --- Cryosphère --- Régions froides