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Launched in the wake of 9/11, the US-led interventions in Afghanistan and Iraq forced painful transformations in Western militaries. As successful regime-change operations gave way to prolonged insurgencies, these forces confronted wars whose character rapidly developed in unanticipated directions. The US and its allies repeatedly failed to align national ends, ways and means to achieve stabilisation, reconstruction and political progress in Afghanistan and Iraq, before rediscovering counter-insurgency principles established in previous conflicts. The lessons of the wars are likely to continue shaping Western states' approach to intervention and warfare for years to come. This book examines the military evolution of the conflicts, and their implications for the future character of war. It shows why combat remains the core military capability, and explains successful and unsuccessful adaptation by armed forces, especially the essential roles of leadership, culture and organisational agility in promoting 'learning under fire'.

BPB1704 --- 852 Internationale conflicten --- Afghanistan --- Guerre --- Iraq --- An Iaráic --- Ирак --- Irāka --- Irák --- Irak --- Iraque --- l-Iraq --- Iraak --- Ιράκ --- Iraku --- Irakas --- République d’Iraq --- Republika Irak --- Iracká republika --- Irácká republika --- Iraagi Vabariik --- Iraki Köztársaság --- Irakin tasavalta --- Repubblica dell’Iraq --- Irākas Republika --- República do Iraque --- Republikken Irak --- Irako Respublika --- die Republik Irak --- Republic of Iraq --- Republiken Irak --- Република Ирак --- ir-Repubblika tal-Iraq --- Republika Iraku --- República de Iraq --- Republica Irak --- Republiek Irak --- Δημοκρατία του Ιράκ --- Republika e Irakut --- cogadh --- háború --- karas --- rat --- karš --- luftë --- válka --- Krieg --- wojna --- војна --- war --- sota --- krig --- рат --- πόλεμος --- vojna --- война --- război --- guerra --- sõda --- oorlog --- gwerra --- ozbrojený konflikt --- relvastatud konflikt --- fegyveres konfliktus --- väpnad konflikt --- aseellinen selkkaus --- conflitto --- oružani sukob --- válečný konflikt --- conflitto armato --- invasione armata --- bewaffneter Konflikt --- konflikt i armatosur --- εμπόλεμη κατάσταση --- armed conflict --- conflit armé --- ginkluotas konfliktas --- σύρραξη --- apertura delle ostilità --- gewapend conflict --- væbnet konflikt --- bewaffnete Auseinandersetzung --- conflict armat --- relvakonflikt --- dichiarazione di guerra --- conflito armado --- conflicto armado --- ozbrojený útočný čin --- ένοπλη σύγκρουση --- вооружен судир --- Αφγανιστάν --- Afganistán --- An Afganastáin --- l-Afganistan --- Afganistan --- Афганистан --- Afeganistão --- Afganistani --- Afganistanas --- Afganistāna --- Afganisztán --- Afghánistán --- Авганистан --- República Islámica de Afganistán --- Islamska republika Afganistan --- ir-Repubblika Islamika tal-Afganistan --- Afganistānas Islāma Valsts --- Islamic Republic of Afghanistan --- Republika Islamike e Afganistanit --- Afganská islamská republika --- Islamiska republiken Afghanistan --- Islamska Država Afganistan --- Afgánská republika --- Afganisztáni Iszlám Köztársaság --- Afganistano Islamo Respublika --- República Islâmica do Afeganistão --- Islamitische Republiek Afghanistan --- Afganistani Islamivabariik --- Islámský stát Afganistan --- Republica Islamică Afganistan --- Islamskie Państwo Afganistanu --- Afganistanin islamilainen tasavalta --- die Islamische Republik Afghanistan --- République islamique d’Afghanistan --- Den Islamiske Republik Afghanistan --- Repubblica islamica d’Afghanistan --- Ισλαμική Δημοκρατία του Αφγανιστάν --- Afgán Iszlám Köztársaság --- Исламска Република Авганистан --- Polemology

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This volume presents a collection of the most recent knowledge on the relationship between gender and fashion in historical and contemporary contexts. Through fourteen essays divided into three segments - how dress creates, disrupts and transcends gender - the chapters investigate gender issues through the lens of fashion. Crossing Gender Boundaries first examines how clothing has been, and continues to be, used to create and maintain the binary gender division that has come to permeate Western and westernized cultures. Next, it explores how dress can be used to contest and subvert binary gender expectations, before a final section that considers the meaning of gender and how dress can transcend it, focusing on unisex and genderless clothing. The essays consider how fashion can both constrict and free gender expression, explore the ways dress and gender are products of one other and illuminate the construction of gender through social norms. Readers will find that through analysis of the relationship between gender and fashion, they gain a better understanding of the world around them.

Fashion. --- Style in dress --- Clothing and dress --- Gender identity --- Fashion - Social aspects --- Clothing and dress - Social aspects --- Clothing and dress - Psychological aspects --- Business & Economics --- Industries --- Fashion & Textile Industry --- Social Science --- Gender Studies --- Fashion