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Espace partagé entre plusieurs systèmes d'activités (agriculture, pêche, élevage), le delta intérieur du Niger au Mali est aussi un espace conflictuel. La pression démographique et les sécheresses ont accru la compétition pour l'accès aux ressources naturelles dont dépendent les populations. Pour résoudre des conflits fonciers incessants et gérer l'ensemble de ces ressources, quel droit appliquer ? Ni le droit étatique, directement issu d'une conception occidentale, ni les systèmes traditionnels, ni la pratique locale ne parviennent à apporter de solutions pertinentes et durables. La décentralisation, malgré ses promesses, n'a pas encore restitué aux acteurs locaux la maîtrise de leurs ressources naturelles. Dès lors, il faut repenser, et même inventer, un modèle juridique qui soit à la fois légitimé par les populations et légalisé par l'État. Telle est l'ambition de cet ouvrage. Résultat d'un double travail, juridique et anthropologique, il allie la connaissance des pratiques foncières et environnementales dans le delta à l'analyse des droits existants. Par le recours aux concepts d'espace-ressource et de foncier environnement, il développe une approche juridique novatrice pour une gestion foncière et environnementale qui soit participative et responsable et il invite à repenser le devenir des droits africains.

Environmental law --- Land use --- Environmental protection --- Law and legislation --- Land --- Land utilization --- Use of land --- Utilization of land --- Economics --- Land cover --- Landscape assessment --- NIMBY syndrome --- Environmental quality management --- Protection of environment --- Environmental sciences --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental policy --- Environmental quality --- Environment law --- Environmental control --- Law --- Sustainable development --- système agraire --- structure foncière --- zone sahélienne --- accès a la terre --- décentralisation --- communauté villageoise --- conflit foncier --- Mali --- agropastoralisme --- droit foncier --- gestion des pêches --- pâturage --- foncier rural --- écologie --- État --- Niger --- droit de pacage --- gestion foncière --- économie pastorale --- droit de l’environnement --- élevage --- exploitation des ressources naturelles --- ressources halieutiques --- patrimoine naturel

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This second volume is the work of more than 55 authors from 15 different disciplines and includes complex systems science which studies the viability of components, and also the study of empirical situations. As readers will discover, the coviability of social and ecological systems is based on the contradiction between humanity, which adopts finalized objectives, and the biosphere, which refers to a ecological functions. We see how concrete situations shed light on the coviability’s determinants, and in this book the very nature of the coviability, presented as a concept-paradigm, is defined in a transversal and ontological ways. By adopting a systemic approach, without advocating any economic dogma (such as development) or dichotomizing between humans and nature, while emphasizing what is relevant to humans and what is not, this work neutrally contextualizes man’s place in the biosphere. It offers a new mode of thinking and positioning of the ecological imperative, and will appeal to all those working with social and ecological systems.

Sustainable development. --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Environmental aspects --- Biodiversity. --- Conservation biology. --- Environmental management. --- Sustainable Development. --- Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts. --- Conservation Biology/Ecology. --- Environmental Management. --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Ecology --- Nature conservation --- Biological diversification --- Biological diversity --- Biotic diversity --- Diversification, Biological --- Diversity, Biological --- Biology --- Biocomplexity --- Ecological heterogeneity --- Numbers of species --- Climate change. --- Ecology . --- Balance of nature --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Population biology --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Global environmental change

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Nature protection --- Meteorology. Climatology --- General ecology and biosociology --- Animal ethology and ecology. Sociobiology --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Production management --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- biodiversiteit --- vormgeving --- mineralen (chemie) --- simulaties --- milieubeleid --- mijnbouw --- duurzame ontwikkeling --- KI (kunstmatige intelligentie) --- natuurbescherming --- klimaatverandering --- milieubescherming

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This book considers the principle of ‘sustainable development’ which is currently facing a growing environmental crisis. A new mode of thinking and positioning the ecological imperative is the major input of this volume. The prism of co-viability is not the economics of political agencies that carry the ideology of the dominant/conventional economic schools, but rather an opening of innovation perspectives through science. This volume, through its four parts, more than 40 chapters and a hundred authors, gives birth to a paradigm which crystallizes within a concept that will support in overcoming the ecological emergency deadlock. .

Nature protection --- Meteorology. Climatology --- General ecology and biosociology --- Animal ethology and ecology. Sociobiology --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Production management --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- biodiversiteit --- vormgeving --- mineralen (chemie) --- simulaties --- milieubeleid --- mijnbouw --- duurzame ontwikkeling --- KI (kunstmatige intelligentie) --- natuurbescherming --- klimaatverandering --- milieubescherming --- AI (artificiële intelligentie)